Influencia de la malta de quinua y amaranto en la calidad de la cerveza artesanal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53591/iti.v16i22.1868Keywords:
Amaranth, Quinoa, Craft beer, Sensory properties, MaltaAbstract
Context: Malted barley production in Ecuador is insufficient to meet beer demand, leading to imports and raising costs. As an alternative, the use of pseudo-cereals such as quinoa and amaranth, which offer nutritional and sensory benefits, is being explored. This study seeks to optimize the formulation with these ingredients to reduce dependence on imported grains and improve the quality of craft beer. Method: physicochemical analysis of quinoa, amaranth, barley and craft beer, microbiological analysis and sensory analysis. Results: Formulation number one was the best with (75% barley, 10% quinoa, 15% amaranth), 7 (66% barley, 16% quinoa, 18% amaranth) and Control sample (100% barley), the characteristic flavor of barley and its organoleptic characteristics are favorable for its respective consumption. Conclusions: Craft beer with the replacement of barley malt with quinoa and amaranth was well accepted among the panelists, which demonstrates the use of these pseudocereals in the proportions studied.
References
AgFlow. (2023, enero 30). Ecuador: Brewery Project Boosts Barley Growing - AgFlow. Recuperado de https://www.agflow.com/agricultural-markets-news/ecuador-brewery-project-boosts-barley-growing/
Bogdan, P., Kordialik-Bogacka, E., Czyżowska, A., Oracz, J., & Żyżelewicz, D. (2020). The Profiles of Low Molecular Nitrogen Compounds and Fatty Acids in Wort and Beer Obtained with the Addition of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) or Maltose Syrup. Foods, 9(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111626
Broderick, H. M., & Canales, A. M. (1977). El Cervecero en la práctica: Un manual para la industria cervecera (2a ed). Asociación de Maestros Cerveceros de las Américas.
Cadenas, R., Caballero, I., Nimubona, D., & Blanco, C. A. (2021). Brewing with Starchy Adjuncts: Its Influence on the Sensory and Nutritional Properties of Beer. Foods, 10(8), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081726
Castañeda, R., Andrade-Cuvi, M. J., Argüello, Y., & Vernaza, M. G. (2018). Efecto de la adición de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa wild) malteada y sin maltear en la elaboración de cerveza tipo Ale a base de cebada (Hordeum vulgare) malteada. Enfoque UTE, 9(2), 15-26.
Catania, C., & Avagnina, S. (2007). Curso Superior de Degustación de Vinos. Recuperado de https://www.academia.edu/17630206/29_El_analisis_sensorial
Cela, N., Galgano, F., Perretti, G., Di Cairano, M., Tolve, R., & Condelli, N. (2022). Assessment of brewing attitude of unmalted cereals and pseudocereals for gluten free beer production. Food Chemistry, 384, 132621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132621
Celis Castaño, I. A. (2019). Fundamentos y metodologías básicas de evaluación sensorial, en el entrenamiento de un panel sensorial (caso práctico: Cerveza artesanal). https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/76961
Chamba, B., Ochoa, A. (2021). Desarrollo de cerveza artesanal tipo ale a partir de la mezcla de maltas de cebada, quinua y amaranto (Tesis inédita de pregrado). Universidad de Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Chawanda, E. T., Manhokwe, S., Jombo, T. Z., Mugadza, D. T., Njini, M., & Manjeru, P. (2022). Optimisation of Malting Parameters for Quinoa and Barley: Application of Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Food Quality, 2022(1), 5279177. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5279177
Dabija, A., Ciocan, M. E., Chetrariu, A., & Codină, G. G. (2022). Buckwheat and Amaranth as Raw Materials for Brewing, a Review. Plants, 11(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060756
Demeester, A., Laureys, D., Baillière, J., Huys, J., Vermeir, P., De Leyn, I., Vanderputten, D., & De Clippeleer, J. (2023). Comparison of Congress Mash with Final 65 °C Mash for Wort Production with Unmalted Barley, Tritordeum, and Quinoa, with or without Pregelatinization and/or Enzyme Addition. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 81(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610470.2021.1989571
Drake, M. A. (2007). Invited Review: Sensory Analysis of Dairy Foods. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(11), 4925-4937. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0332
Drapala, A. C., & Hernández, D. A. (2018). Elaboración de cerveza de maíz [Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria]. Recuperado de https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/
Fan, X., Ma, X., Maimaitiyiming, R., Aihaiti, A., Yang, J., Li, X., Wang, X., Pang, G., Liu, X., Qiu, C., Abra, R., & Wang, L. (2023). Study on the preparation process of quinoa anti-hypertensive peptide and its stability. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1119042
Forero, N. C., Salgado, Y. N., Moncayo, D. C., & Cote, S. P. (2016). Efecto del proceso de malteado en la calidad y estabilidad de una bebida de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) y mango (Mangifera indica). Agroindustrial Science, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.science.2016.01.09
Geng, L., Li, M., Zhang, G., & Ye, L. (2022). Barley: A potential cereal for producing healthy and functional foods. Food Quality and Safety, 6, fyac012. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac012
Gonzales, M. (2017). Principios de Elaboración de las Cervezas Artesanales. Recuperado de https://www.google.com.ec/books/edition/Principios_de_Elaboraci_n_de_las_Cerveza/0COaDgAAQBAJ?hl=es&gbpv=1&dq=Principios+de+Elaboraci%C3%B3n+de+las+Cervezas+Artesanales:+Pr%C3%A1ctico+libro+de+consulta+para+aficionados+y+expertos&printsec=frontcover
Hernández, E. (2005). Curso Tecnología de Cereales y Oleaginosas Evaluación Sensorial. Universidad Nacional de Bogotá. Recuperado de https://feji.us/qi4qbx
Joaquín Lizárraga, J. E. (2018). Efecto de la sustitución de la cebada (Hordeum Vulgare) por amaranto (Amaranthus Caudatus l.) en el contenido de polifenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante y en las características sensoriales en una cerveza tipo Ale. Universidad César Vallejo. https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12692/31547
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (2016). Guía de cultivo de la quinua (1-1). https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/76594aca-c6a8-45e0-97db-39905cd72575/content
Pathan, S., Ndunguru, G., & Ayele, A. G. (2024). Comparison of the Nutritional Composition of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Inflorescences, Green Leaves, and Grains. Crops, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4010006
Peñas, E., Uberti, F., di Lorenzo, C., Ballabio, C., Brandolini, A., & Restani, P. (2014). Biochemical and Immunochemical Evidences Supporting the Inclusion of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as a Gluten-free Ingredient. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 69(4), 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-014-0449-2
Pereira, E., Encina-Zelada, C., Barros, L., Gonzales-Barron, U., Cadavez, V., & C.F.R. Ferreira, I. (2019). Chemical and nutritional characterization of Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) grains: A good alternative to nutritious food. Food Chemistry, 280, 110-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.068
Rani, H., & Bhardwaj, R. D. (2021). Quality attributes for barley malt: “The backbone of beer”. Journal of Food Science, 86(8), 3322-3340. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15858
Rodríguez, L., Gallardo Aguilar, I., Nieblas Morfa, C., & Ortiz Fernández, W. (2015). Evaluación de dos variedades de sorgo para la obtención de almidón. Centro Azúcar, 42(1), 88-95.
Roessler, E. B., Warren, J., & Guymon, J. F. (1948). Significance in Triangular Taste Tests. Journal of Food Science, 13(6), 503-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1948.tb16650.x
Salazar Tijerino, M. B., San Martín-González, M. F., Velasquez Domingo, J. A., & Huang, J.-Y. (2023). Life Cycle Assessment of Craft Beer Brewing at Different Scales on a Unit Operation Basis. Sustainability, 15(14), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411416
Vidueiros, S. M., Curti, R. N., Dyner, L. M., Binaghi, M. J., Peterson, G., Bertero, H. D., & Pallaro, A. N. (2015). Diversity and interrelationships in nutritional traits in cultivated quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from Northwest Argentina. Journal of Cereal Science, 62, 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2015.01.001