Determination of heavy metals (cd and pb) in bivalve mollusks of commercial interest (anudara tuberculosa and a. Grandes) from puerto el morro, Ecuador.

Authors

  • Mariuxi Mero University of Guayaquil
  • Víctor Arcos University of Guayaquil
  • Fidel Egas University of Guayaquil
  • Rubén Siavichay University of Guayaquil
  • Gino Lindao University of Guayaquil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53591/iti.v4i4.107

Keywords:

Cadmium, lead, bivalve mollusks

Abstract

The presence of heavy metals in concentrations that exceed the limits allowed by national and international environmental legislation alters the balance of an ecosystem and although there is a release of heavy metals by natural means, most of it is caused by anthropogenic actions. This research determined the concentrations of cadmium and lead in two species of mollusks of commercial importance: black conch (Anadara tuberculosa) and mule's foot (A. grandis) and in water and sediment samples from the surrounding habitat of these organisms. The results revealed that the concentration of cadmium and lead in water at stations 4, 5 and 6 exceed the values ​​described in Ecuadorian environmental legislation and in sediment the presence of cadmium is more notable because they exceed the values ​​of the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life whose value is 0.676 ppm and the average value quantified in this research was 6.92 ppm. In Ecuador there are no health regulations that establish limits for metal content in bivalve mollusks, however in a USAID study (2009) concentrations lower than 0.1 ppm for cadmium and 0.9 ppm for lead were found, while in the present work an average of 4.24 and 4.01 ppm of cadmium and 3.37 and 2.62 ppm of lead were found for A. tuberculosa and A. grandis respectively, which shows a high concentration of these toxic elements in the organisms studied.

References

Naciones Unidas, 1992. Programa 21: Un Plan de Acción en pro del Desarrollo Sostenible- Texto definitivo de los acuerdos logrados por los Gobiernos en la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo (CNUMAD) 3-14 de junio de 1992, Río de Janeiro, Brasil, Naciones Unidas, NY. USA.

ESAMP (lMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/AIENUN/UNEP- Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects on Marine Environmental

Protection ), 2001. Protecting the Oceans from Land-based Activities GESAMP Reports and Studies (71): p.162

Ministerio del Ambiente. 200 l. Política y estrategia nacional de biodiversidad del Ecuador. Quito

Moreno M., 2003, Toxicología Ambiental "Evaluación de riesgo para la salud humana", McGraw-Hill/Interamericana de España.

Wittmann G., 1981. Toxic Metals. En: Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment, Chapt B. and Wittman G. Springer-Verlag- Berlín, pp. 3-70

Carson B., H. Ellis and J. McCann, 1986. Toxicology and Biological monitoring of Metal in Humans. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea. Michigan, pp. 327

Brown. P , R. Welch and E. Cary, 1987. Nickel. A micronutrient essential for higher plants. Plant Physiol 85(3), pp 801-804

Anderson R., 1989. Essentiality of chromium in humans. The Science of the total environment 86, pp 74-81.

Wood J. M., 1989. Transport, bioaccumulation and toxicity of elements in microorganisms under environmental stress. ln Proc int Conf Heavy Meta Is in Environment, Geneve. Edingurgh, UK pp 1-12

Tebbutt T., 1999. Fundamentos de control de la calidad del agua. Limusa Noriega Editores. México. pp.239

Catalán L., 1981. Química del agua. Editorial Alonso S. A., Madrid, pp. 423. Citado en Rosas H., 2001, Estudio de la contaminación por metales pesados en la cuenca del Llobregat < http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-0712101-075103/> [18 de enero de 2010].

McLusky, D., V. Bryant y R. Campbell, (1986) The effects oftemperature and salinity on the toxicity of heavy metals to marine and estuarine invertebrates. Oceanography Marine Biology. Rev. 24: pp. 481. Citado en: Pérez M., 2005. Respuesta al cadmio de la microalga marina Tetraselmis suecica: Relación entre tolerancia y compuestos tiólicos. Aplicación de su biomasa viva para la retirada de cadmio del medio. Universidad Da Coruña. pp. 33.

Stumm W. y J. Morgan, 1981. Aquatic chemistry. Editorial John Wilwy lnterscience. New York, pp. 780 citado en Rosas H., 2001, Estudio de la contaminación por metales pesados en la cuenca del Llobregat < http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-0712101-075103/> [18 de enero de 2010].

The Royal Society. (1979). The Effects of Marine Pollution Sorne Research Needs. A Memorandum: 5 - 78.

Cossa D., E. Bourget and J. Piuze. (1979). Sexual maturation as source of variation in the relationship between cadmium concentration and body weight of M. edulis (L). Mar Poi/u t. 1 O: 174-176.

Frazier J., S. George and J. Ovemell. (1985). Characterization oftwo molecularweight classes of Cd binding proteins the Mytilus edulis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 80: 257-262.

Lobel P. and D. Wright. (1982). Gonadal and nongonadal zing concentration in mussel. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 13:323-329.

Plan de Manejo del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Manglares El Morro, 2010

Solórzano, 1983 L., Boletín Científico y Técnico Vol. Vll, No. 1 "Instrumentación y Análisis Químico de Agentes Contaminantes en el Mar", Instituto Nacional de Pesca, Ecuador.

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 2005, Edic. 21.

Texto Unificado de Legislación Ambiental, 2003, Libro VI Anexo l-Norma de Calidad Ambiental y de Descarga de Efluentes: Recurso Agua.

Largmerff J.V. (1972). En: Micronutrients in agricultura (J.J. Morvedt, Ed.) Soil Sci. Soc. of Arnerica. Madison, Wisconsin, 677 p. en S Rev. lnt. Contam. Ambient. 8 (1), 4 7-61. 1992

Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life. l 999. SUMMARY TABLES Update 2002.

USAID 2009, Evaluación de contaminación de concha prieta y cangrejo rojo, ecuador. Ecuador

Ahumada, R. (1994). Patrones de distribución espacial de Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd y Pb, en sedimentos superficiales de Bahía San Vicente, Chile. Rev. Biol. Mar , Valparaíso, 27 (2): 256 - 282.

Olavarría Y., 2007, Determinación de trazas de cadmio en cholga (Aulacomya ater), Choríto (Mytilus chilensis) y ostra chilena (Ostrea chilensis) en la zona de Chiloé (Hueihue), Universidad austral de Chile

Matte, T. (2003). Efectos del plomo en la salud de la niñez. Salud pública México. 45(2), 220-224.

Downloads

Published

2012-12-30 — Updated on 2024-09-25

Versions

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 4 (2012)

Section

Artículos

License

Copyright (c) 2012 Mariuxi Mero, Víctor Arcos, Fidel Egas, Rubén Siavichay, Gino Lindao

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.