Thermo-hydraulic design of a horizontal shell and tube condenser for methanol condensation
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Abstract
Los condensadores de carcasa y tubos se consideran una parte importante de los sistemas de refrigeración y de las centrales eléctricas, así como de otras aplicaciones petroquímicas en las que se suelen emplear los intercambiadores de calor. Este artículo presenta el diseño termohidráulico de un intercambiador de calor de carcasa y tubos horizontales de dos pasos de tubo (1-2) para condensar una corriente de vapores de metanol puro utilizando agua fría como refrigerante. Se calcularon varios parámetros de diseño como el área de transferencia de calor (119,33 m2); el número de tubos (285); el diámetro interno de la carcasa (800,56 mm) y el coeficiente de transferencia de calor global (618,47 W/m2. K). El calor calculado para este servicio de intercambio de calor fue de 8.272,5 kW, mientras que el caudal requerido para el agua enfriada fue de 151,59 kg/s. Las caídas de presión calculadas para las corrientes de metanol de condensación y agua enfriada fueron de 7.372,55 Pa y 84.289,69 Pa respectivamente, que están por debajo de los valores límite máximos establecidos por el proceso. El condensador de carcasa y tubo diseñado 1-2 era del tipo de cabeza flotante extraíble, con un corte de deflector del 45% y un espaciado de deflector igual al diámetro interno de la carcasa.
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