Prevalence and characteristics of stylohyoid ligament calcification in panoramic radiographs
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Stylohyoid ligament calcification is a metaplastic process in which the fibrous tissue mineralizes. This condition can range from partial to complete calcification of the ligament. Objective: To determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of stylohyoid ligament calcification by analyzing imaging studies. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. Digital panoramic radiographs of patients treated at a specialized center were analyzed; these were selected using non-probability convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The presence of stylohyoid ligament calcification was evaluated, along with its laterality (unilateral or bilateral), degree of calcification (partial or total), and distribution by sex. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics, including absolute frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency where appropriate. Results: A predominance of bilateral (81%) and partial (81%) calcification was observed, with no cases of total calcification recorded. Among unilateral cases, a slightly higher frequency was noted on the right side. Additionally, calcification was more frequent in females. These findings may relate to genetic, endocrine, or metabolic factors, although further research is needed to confirm this association. Conclusion: Calcification of the stylohyoid ligament showed a high frequency of bilateral involvement and a predominance of partial calcification in the studied population. Detecting this abnormality via panoramic radiography contributes to the differential diagnosis of patients with orofacial pain and to the prevention of complications.
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