Citología como predictor de la respuesta al tratamiento en cáncer diferenciado de tiroides
Palabras clave:
citología tiroidea, cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, respuesta al tratamientoResumen
Introducción: El carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) son neoplasias que se derivan de las células foliculares, representando más del 90,6% de neoplasias en tiroides. La citología tiroidea por punción es un procedimiento para el diagnóstico y decisión del tratamiento; sin embargo, es poco lo que conocemos cuando la relacionamos con la respuesta inicial al tratamiento.
Objetivo: Demostrar la relación entre la citología por punción aspiración con aguja fina de tiroides y la respuesta al tratamiento en cáncer diferenciado de tiroides.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, relacional, no experimental de corte transversal; en pacientes con CDT del hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” en el 2018 y 2019.
Resultados: se evaluó a 163 pacientes, el grupo etario más frecuente fue de 40 a 49 años (28,8%), las mujeres alcanzaron un 91,4%, la categoría Bethesda VI un 52,8%, el carcinoma papilar un 95,1%; el riesgo de recurrencia intermedio un 41,1%, y la respuesta excelente un 46,6%. Al comparar el riesgo de recurrencia y la respuesta al tratamiento, el bajo riesgo tuvo respuesta excelente en el 58,5%, y alto riesgo una respuesta estructural incompleta en un 45,2%. Además, al asociar la categoría Bethesda II con una respuesta excelente, se presentó dicha asociación en un 88,2%, con significancia estadística.
Conclusión: La citología tiroidea se relaciona con la respuesta inicial al tratamiento, en donde Bethesda II se asocia a una respuesta excelente de manera directa, con alta intensidad y con un nivel de predicción moderado.
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