Probabilistic Model of Industrial Motor Reliability as a Function of Lubricant Degradation: A Case Study MDU-01 Motor Hyundai H21/32

Authors

  • Jonathan Jiménez Unidad académica de formación técnica y tecnológica, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro. El Carmen, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4776-0433
  • Luis Chango Escuela de formación de tecnólogos, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito-Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2908-8255
  • Erick López Unidad académica de formación técnica y tecnológica, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro. El Carmen, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0726-0599
  • Gladys Sotominga Instituto de posgrado, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53591/easi.V3i2.2615

Keywords:

reliability modeling, lubricant degradation, Weibull distribution, condition-based maintenance, industrial diesel engines

Abstract

This work applies a probabilistic reliability model for industrial diesel engines based on lubricant degradation to the MDU-06 Hyundai H21/32 engine at thermal power station, Ecuador. The engine operated seamlessly from August 2023 until October 2025, generating power continuously. Thus, the model predicts dependability based on oil condition behavior rather than mechanical faults. The study offers a non-linear and multivariate degradation model to track the associated evolution of TBN, Sulfation, Nickel, and Vanadium. Stochastic degradation modeling and Weibull reliability estimation were used to estimate lubricant life under real operating conditions. Results show a Weibull shape parameter β = 8.3 and scale parameter η = 1920 hours, with dependability drastically decreasing after 2000 operational hours.
These results demonstrate that lubricant degradation can accurately forecast engine health, allowing predictive maintenance without interruption. Condition-based maintenance (CBM) procedures are optimized to maintain system dependability over 80% while lowering premature wear and maintenance costs with the suggested framework.

Author Biographies

  • Jonathan Jiménez, Unidad académica de formación técnica y tecnológica, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro. El Carmen, Ecuador.

    Master's degree in Industrial Design, Production, and Automation (2017), Electromechanical Engineer (2011). Part-time lecturer at the Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Eloy Alfaro Lay University of Manabí,
    Ecuador. Areas of expertise: energy efficiency, industrial maintenance, process automation, and energy management.

  • Luis Chango, Escuela de formación de tecnólogos, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito-Ecuador.

    Master's degree in Electronics and Automation, specializing in Industrial Networks (2024), Electromechanical Engineer (2022), and Electromechanical Technologist (2016). Part-time lecturer in the Higher Technology in Electromechanics program at Eloy Alfaro Lay University of Manabí (ULEAM), Ecuador. Areas of expertise: industrial automation, process control, electromechanical maintenance, energy efficiency, and industrial network systems.

  • Erick López, Unidad académica de formación técnica y tecnológica, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro. El Carmen, Ecuador

    Master's degree in Industrial Maintenance (2023) and Naval Mechanical Engineer (2015). Professor at the Faculty of Engineering Sciences of the Eloy Alfaro Lay University of Manabí (ULEAM), Ecuador, and technical manager of EXTINNOVA, a company dedicated to electromechanical maintenance and specialized industrial services. Areas of expertise: predictive and corrective maintenance, electromechanical systems, industrial asset management, and industrial safety applied to the maintenance of generators and fire protection systems.

  • Gladys Sotominga, Instituto de posgrado, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.

    Master's degree in Industrial Maintenance (2023) and Chemical Engineer (2021), with a solid background in industrial process management, operational reliability, and quality assurance. I currently work as a Chemical Control Operator in the Termopichincha Business Unit at CELEC EP, performing and supervising physicochemical analyses of technological fluids (process water, lubricating oils, fuels, and others), which are fundamental for the efficiency and availability of thermoelectric power generation systems.

References

ALS Global. (2025). Oil analysis. ALS Global. https://www.alsglobal.com/en/oil-analysis

Andrew K.S. Jardine, Daming Lin, Dragan Banjevic, A review on machinery diagnostics and prognostics implementing condition-based maintenance, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Volume 20, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1483-1510, ISSN 0888-3270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.09.012. ASTM International. (2018). ASTM D5185-18: Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. ASTM International.

ASTM International. (2016). ASTM D4739-11(2016): Standard Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Titration. ASTM International.

ASTM International. (2018). ASTM D893-18: Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils. ASTM International.

Du, Y., Wu, T., Zhou, S., & Makis, V. (2020). Remaining useful life prediction of lubricating oil with dynamic principal component analysis and proportional hazards model. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 234(6), 964-971. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650119874560

Durrett, R. (2019). Probability: Theory and Examples (5.ª ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/probability/DD9A1907F810BB14CCFF022CDFC5677A

Guan, H., Hu, G., Du, H., Yin, Y., & He, W. (2025). A Reliability Fault Diagnosis Method for Diesel Engines Based on the Belief Rule Base with Data-Driven Initialization. Sensors, 25(16), 5091. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25165091

Hu, Chao & Youn, Byeng D. & Wang, Pingfeng & Taek Yoon, Joung, 2012. "Ensemble of data-driven prognostic algorithms for robust prediction of remaining useful life," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 120-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2012.03.008

Mažeika, D., Balnys, R., & Kandrotaitė Janutienė, R. (2022). Research of combustion engine oil quality over exploitation period. Mechanization in Agriculture & Conserving of the Resources, 68(1), 7–10. https://stumejournals.com/journals/am/2022/1/7

Meeker, W.Q. and Escobar, L.A. (1998) Statistical Methods for Reliability Data. Wiley, New York.

Pan A, Song X, Huang H. Bayesian analysis for part linear Cox model with measurement error and time-varying covariate effect. Stat Med. 2022 Oct 15;41(23):4666-4681. doi: 10.1002/sim.9531.

Saravani, S. and Keshtegar, B. (2022). Random - weighted Monte Carlo Simulation Method for Structural Reliability Analysis. Journal of Computational Methods in Engineering, 37(2), 41-60. doi: 10.29252/jcme.37.2.41

Si, Xiao-Sheng & Wang, Wenbin & Hu, Chang-Hua & Zhou, Dong-Hua, 2011. "Remaining useful life estimation - A review on the statistical data driven approaches," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 213(1), pages 1-14, August. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ejores/v213y2011i1p1-14.html

Smigins, R., Amatnieks, K., Birkavs, A., Górski, K., & Kryshtopa, S. (2023). Studies on Engine Oil Degradation Characteristics in a Field Test with Passenger Cars. Energies, 16(24), 7955. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16247955

Wen, Y., Wu, J., Das, D., & Tseng, B. (2018). Degradation modeling and RUL prediction using Wiener process subject to multiple change points and unit heterogeneity. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 176, 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2018.04.005

Yan, S., Kong, Z., Liu, H., Li, B., Fan, M., & Zhang, X. (2022). Oil Change Interval Evaluation of Gearbox Used in Heavy-Duty Truck E-Axle with Oil Analysis Data. Lubricants, 10(10), 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10100252

Yaguo Lei, Naipeng Li, Liang Guo, Ningbo Li, Tao Yan, Jing Lin, Machinery health prognostics: A systematic review from data acquisition to RUL prediction, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Volume 104, 2018,Pages 799-834, ISSN 0888-3270,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.11.016.

Published

2026-01-05

Issue

Section

Research articles

How to Cite

Jiménez Gonzales, J. P., Chango Andrade, J. L., López Pazmiño, E. A., & Sotominga Espinoza, G. M. (2026). Probabilistic Model of Industrial Motor Reliability as a Function of Lubricant Degradation: A Case Study MDU-01 Motor Hyundai H21/32. EASI: Engineering and Applied Sciences in Industry, 4(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.53591/easi.V3i2.2615