ORAL HYGIENE AND ITS RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN 6 TO 9 YEARS OLD. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW

Abstract

Abstract:
Oral Hygiene is a careful mechanical cleaning of the teeth that interrupts bacterial plaque, the main predisposing factor for tooth decay. Tooth decay is a preventable infectious disease and one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. It can cause pain, high treatment costs, reduced growth and development, speech disorders, and premature tooth loss leading to chewing problems, loss of self-confidence, and damage to the permanent dentition. Good oral hygiene habits among the youngest should begin with the eruption of the first teeth (6-8 months) which should be cleaned daily with a gauze or brush moistened with a daily concentration fluoride rinse to start the contribution of Topical fluoride immediately after the eruption. Tooth brushing should be started daily, without paste, approximately a year and always carried out by an adult, introducing the use of fluoridated toothpastes with infant formula (500 ppm of Fluoride), a once a day, from the age of 2-3 years, depending on the risk of cavities. In order to establish the habit of brushing, it is good for the child to try to brush his teeth on his own. Poor oral hygiene leads to the build-up of dental plaque, which harbors bacteria and their toxins. Bacterial plaque plays an important role in the etiology of oral diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis.

Objectives: To determine how the type of oral hygiene influences the development of cavities in children between 6 and 9 years old.

Methods: Articles from google chrome, pubmed, scopus, lilacs, scielo, using descriptors of health sciences (DeCS) in the scielo database, redalyc, mediographic and scholar were used. Connectors such as (oral hygiene) and (risk factors) and (dental caries) and (children), which made it possible to find out about oral hygiene and its risk factors in the development of dental caries in children. Key words used were: Children, oral hygiene, risk factors. The search was restricted to articles in English and Spanish published from the year to 2021.

Results and discussion: For this research, according to the registry of the established database: studies from PubMed, from Lilacs, from Scopus, from Web of Science, from Cochrane, from Scielo.org, from Jstorde Springer link, from Google Scholar, establishing a total of 200 studies. Finally, 13 studies were included that were part of the review, from which full texts were extracted for the respective analysis. The selection and analysis of studies was published in the English and Spanish languages, starting from May 5 to October 30, 2021. All were related to previous studies carried out between 2009 and 2021, considering previous studies of no more than 15 years. Conclusion: That the lack of knowledge of proper oral hygiene and socioeconomic problems are the main causes of the development of dental cavities, since the consumption of food such as sugar and other carbohydrates that accumulate in the oral cavity generate this disease.