Effectiveness of penalty kicks and goalkeepers' performance in international football tournaments 2022-2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53591/riaf.v3i2.2251Keywords:
Effectiveness, Penalty kicks, Football goalkeepersAbstract
Introduction: Football goalkeepers require specialized training to enhance their technical responses in various situations and prevent goals. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of penalty kicks in international football tournaments (2022-2024), analyzing technical, psychological, and tactical factors influencing their success or failure to identify patterns and key variables in this decisive play. Methods: Observational study based on FIFA and YouTube data on penalties in the 2022 World Cup, Euro 2024, and Copa América 2024. Contextual, behavioral, and efficiency variables were analyzed. Results: A total of 151 penalties were analyzed: 47 taken during matches and 104 in shootouts. Regarding contextual variables, 35.8% of penalties were taken when the goalkeeper’s team had the lead. For behavioral variables, 60.3% of players opted for a medium trajectory shot. In terms of efficiency, 23.2% of goals were scored in the lower left area of the goal. Conclusions: Penalty effectiveness was influenced by match conditions, with more goals scored when the goalkeeper’s team was trailing. These findings highlight the importance of contextual and tactical analysis in the preparation of goalkeepers and penalty takers.
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