Dynamics of biodiversity change after deforestation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53591/cna.v11i1.263Palabras clave:
Biodiversity, BACI, Changes, DeforestationResumen
The many changes that forests have suffered over the last century have led to biodiversity loss
around the planet. In order to understand these processes and try to predict future biological
diversity loss, spatial comparisons have commonly been used. This research uses spatial and
temporal data aiming to understand better the dynamics of these changes caused by deforestation.
A meta-Analysis was conducted compiling information from 13 studies using before-after-control impact design (BACI) to examine abundance response to deforestation. The results show clearly
that biodiversity tends to decline in the five years after forest loss, though losses are not significant
within the first two years. It was also found that the effects of deforestation on species abundance
varied significantly among taxonomic groups, physical level species occupy in the ecosystem, type
of disturbance, type of perturbation, and constancy in the surveys. The outcome of this research
agrees with results of studies with spatial comparisons, though it is not yet possible to conclude
which is best to predict biodiversity changes. However, these findings deepen our understanding of
the complexity of biodiversity change and deforestation and emphasize importance of generating
more studies that include temporal data.
Citas
Arnqvist, G. y Wooster, D. (1995). Meta-analysis: synthesizing
research findings in ecology and evolution. Trends in
Ecology & Evolution, 10(6): 236-240.
Aronson, M., La Sorte, F., Nilon, C., Madhusudan, K., Goddard,
M., Christopher, Lepcyk y Winter, M. (2014). A global
analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant
diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Proceedings of
The Royal Society.
Barlow, J. y Peres, C. (2004). Avifaunal responses to single
and recurrent wildfires in Amazonian forests. Ecological
Applications, 14(5): 1358-1373.
Basset, Y., Elroy, C., Hammond, D. y Brown, V. (2001). Shortterm effects of canopy openness on insect herbivores in a
rain forest in Guyana. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38(5):
-1058.
Beissinger, S. (2000). Ecological mechanisms of extinction.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(22):
-11689.
Bicknell, J., Struebig, M. y Davies, Z. (2015). Reconciling
timber extraction with biodiversity conservation in tropical
forests using reduced-impact logging. Journal of Applied
Ecology, 52(2): 379-388.
Blois, J., Williams, J., Fitzpatrick, M., Jackson, S., y Ferrier,
S. (2013). Space can substitute for time in predicting
climate-change effects on biodiversity. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 110(23): 9374-9379.
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J. y Rothstein, H. (2009).
Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Chichester, United Kingdom:
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bright (1993). Habitat fragmentation-problems and
predictions for British mammals. Mammal Rev., 23(3/4):
-111.
Burivalova Z, Lee TM, Giam X, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Wilcove DS, Koh
LP. Avian responses to selective logging shaped by species
traits and logging practices. 2015. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences. 282(1808): 20150164.
Cardinale, B. (2014). Overlooked local biodiversity loss.
Science, 344(6188): 1098-1098.
Choi, Sei-Woong (2008). Effects of weather factors on the abundance and diversity of moths in a temperate deciduous
mixed forest of Korea. Zoological science, 25(1): 53-58.
Chomitz, K. y Gray, D. (1995). Roads, Lands, Markets and
Deforestation. A spatial model of land use in Belize. The
World Bank, Policy Research Department, Washington.
Paper 1444.
Dickson, B., Noon, B., Flather, C., Jentsch, S., y Block, W.
(2009). Quantifying the multi-scale response of avifauna
to prescribed fire experiments in the southwest United
States. Ecological Applications, 19(3): 608-621.
Dirzo, R., Young, H., Galetti, M., Ceballos, G., Issac, N.,
y Collen, B. (2014). Defaunation in the Anthropocene.
Science, 345(6195): 401-406.
Dornelas, M., Gotelli, N., McGill, B., Shimadzu, H., Moyes,
F., Sievers, C. y Magurran A. (2014). Assemblage Time
Series Reveal Biodiversity Change but Not Systematic Loss.
Science, 344.
Dornelas, M., Magurran, A., Bulckland, S., Chao, A., Chazdon,
R., Colwell, R. y Vellend, M. (2012). Quantifying temporal
change in biodiversity: challenges and opportunities.
Proceedings of The Royal Society Biological Sciences, 280.
Drapeau, P., Villard, M., Leduc, A. y Hannon, S. (2016). Natural
disturbance regimes as templates for the response of bird
species assemblages to contemporary forest management.
Diversity and Distributions, 1-15.
Ernst, R., Linsenmair, E. y Rödel, M. (2006). Diversity erosion
beyond the species level: dramatic loss of functional
diversity after selective logging in two tropical amphibian
communities. Biological Conservation, 133(2): 143-155.
Ewers, R., Boule, M., Gleave, R., Plowman, N., Benedick, S.,
Bernard, H. y Turner, E. (2015). Logging cuts the functional
importance of invertebrates in tropical rainforest. Nature
communications, 6.
Fahrig, L. (2003). Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on
Biodiversity. Annual Review Fragmentation on Biodiversity,
: 487-515.
Garrison, B., Triggs, M. y Wachs, R. (2005). Short-term effects
of group-selection timber harvest on landbirds in montane
hardwood-conifer habitat in the central Sierra Nevada.
Journal of Field Ornithology, 76(1): 72-82.
Gibson, L., Ming Lee, T., Pin Koh, L., Brook, B., Gardner,
T., Baslow, J., Sodhi, N. (2011). Primary forests are
irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity.
Nature. 478(7369): 378-381.
Glasby, T. y Underwood, T. (1996). Sampling to differentiate
between pulse and press perturbations. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment, 42: 241-252.
Gurevitch, J. y Hedges L. (1999). Statistical issues in
ecological meta-analyses. Ecology, 80(4): 1142-1149.
Hache, S., Pétry, T. y Villard, M.A. (2013). Numerical Response
of Breeding Birds Following Experimental Selection
Harvesting in Northern Hardwood Forests Réponse
numérique de huit espèces d’oiseaux nicheurs à la suite
d’une coupe de jardinage expérimentale en forêt feuillue
septentrionale. Avian Conservation and Ecology: 8(1): 4.
Intachat, J., Holloway, J. y Staines, H. (2001). Effects of
weather and phenology on the abundance and diversity
of geometroid moths in a natural Malaysian tropical rain
forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 17(3): 411-429.
Kotliar, N., Kennedy, P. y Ferree, K. (2007). Avifaunal
responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along
a burn severity gradient. Ecological Applications, 17(2):
-507.
Krauss, J., Bommarco, R., Guardiola, M., Heikkinen, R.,
Helm, A., Kuussaari, M. y Steffan-Dewenter, I. (2010).
Habitat fragmentation causes immediate and time-delayed
biodiversity loss at different trophic levels. Ecology
Letters, 13: 597-605.
Lindenmayer, D., Wood, J., Cunningham, R., Crane, M.,
Macgregor, C., Michael, D., y Montague-Drake, R. (2009).
Experimental evidence of the effects of a changed matrix
on conserving biodiversity within patches of native forest in an industrial plantation landscape. Landscape Ecology,
(8): 1091-1103.
Loh, J., Green, R., Ricketts, T., Lamoreux, J., Jenkins, M.,
Kapos, V., y Randers, J. (2005). The living Planet Index:
using species population time series to track trends in
biodiversity. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal
Society, 360: 289-295.
Mace, G., Collen, B., Fuller, R., y Boakes, E. (2010).
Population and geographic range dynamics: implications
for conservation planning. Philosophical Transactions of
The Royal Society, 365: 3743-3751.
Martinson, M. y Raupp, M. (2013). A meta-analysis
of the effects of urbanization on ground beetle
communities. Ecosphere, 4(5): 1-24.
Morris, R. (2010). Anthopogenic impacts on tropical
forest biodiversity: a network structure and ecosystem
functioning perspective. Philosophical Transactions:
Biological Sciences, 365: 3709-3718.
Navedo, J. y Masero, J. (2008). Effects of traditional clam
harvesting on the foraging ecology of migrating curlews
(Numenius arquata). Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology, 355: 59-65.
Newbold, T., Hudson, L., Phillips, H., Hill, S., Contu, S.,
Lysenko, I. y Purvis, A. (2014). A global model of the
response of tropical and sub-tropical forest biodiversity
to anthropogenic pressures. Proceedings of The Royal
Society, 281.
Newbold, T., Scharlemann, J., Butchart, S., Sekercioglu, Ç.,
Alkemade, R., Booth, H. y Purves, D. (2013). Ecological
traits affect the response of tropical forest bird species to
land-use intensity. Proceedings of The Royal Society, 280.
Owens, I. y Bennett, P. (2000). Ecological basis of extinction
risk in birds: Habitat loss versus human persecution and
introduced predators. PNAS, 97(22): 12144-12148.
Phillips, H.R., Newbold, T. y Purvis, A. 2017. Land-use effects
on local biodiversity in tropical forests vary between
continents. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26(9): 2251-
Price, S., Browen, R. y Dorcas, M. (2012). Evaluating the
effects of urbanisation on salamander abundances using a
before-after control-impact design. Freshwater Biology,
(1): 193-203.
R Development Core Team (2015). R: A language and
environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for
Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. .
Raudenbush, S. (2009). Analyzing Effect Sizes: Random
Effects Models. In H. Cooper, L. Hedges, & J. Valentine,
The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
(2nd edition ed., pp. 295-315). New York: Russell Sage
Foundation.
Sala, O., Chapin III, S., Armesto, J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield,
J., Dirzo, R. y Wall, D. (2000, March 10). Global Biodiversity
Scenarios for the Year 2010. Science, 287: 1770-1774.
Singh Sarinda, Smyth Anita y Blomberg Simon (2003). Effect of
a control burn on lizards and their structural environment
in a eucalypt open-forest. Wildlife Research, 29(5): 447-
Songer, M., Aung, M., Senior, B., DeFries, R. y Leimgruber,
P. (2009). Spatial and temporal deforestation dynamics in
protected and unprotected dry forests: a case study from
Myanmar (Burma). Biodiversity Conservation 18: 1001-
Steen, D., Osborne, P., Dovčiak, M., Patrick, D. y Gibbs, J.
(2015). A preliminary investigation into the short-term
effects of a prescribed fire on habitat quality for a snake
assemblage. Herpetological Conservation and Biology,
(1): 263-272.
Stewart-Oaten, A., Murdoch, W. y Parker, K. (1986).
Environmental impact assessment:” Pseudoreplication” in
time?. Ecology, 67(4): 929-940.
Tobias, J. (2015). Biodiversity: Hidden impacts of logging.Nature, 523(7559): 163-164.
Tummers, B. DataThief III. 2006 <http://datathief.org/>
Underwood (1992). Beyond BACI: the detection of
environmental impacts on populations in the real, but
variable, world. Journal of experimental marine biology
and ecology, 161(2): 145-178.
Underwood (1991). Beyond BACI: experimental designs for
detecting human environmental impacts on temporal
variations in natural population. Marine and Freshwater
Research, 42(5): 569-587.
Vellend, M., Baeten, L., Myers-Smith, I., Elmendorf, S.,
Beauséjour, R., Brown, C. y Wipf, S. (2013). Global
meta-analysis reveals no net change in local-scale plant
biodiversity over time. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 110(48): 19456-19459.
Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with
the metafor Package. Journal of Statistical Software,
(3): 48.
Walker. L., Wardle, D., Bardgett, R. y Clarkson, B. (2010). The
use of chronosequences in studies of ecological succession
and soil development. Journal of Ecology, 98(4): 725-736.
Winfree, R., Fox, J., Williams, N., Reilly, J. y Cariveau,
D. (2015). Abundance of common species, not species
richness, drives delivery of a real-world ecosystem service.
Ecology letters, 18(7): 626-635.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Guillermo Gilbert Jaramillo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
