Analysis of the effectiveness of the long jump using the plyometric method in adolescent athletes aged 14 to 16 years: a systematic review
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Abstract
Introduction: Plyometric training is a widely used method to improve explosive strength and jumping ability in adolescents, a crucial stage for the development of motor skills. Its growing use in school and sports settings makes it necessary to analyze its efficacy and safety in young populations.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of plyometric training on explosive strength and horizontal jump performance in adolescents aged 14 to 16 years, based on the most recent scientific evidence.
Methodology: A systematic review of literature published between 2020 and 2025 was conducted, searching the Scopus y Web of Science databases. Studies with an experimental or quasi-experimental design, an adolescent population, a specific plyometric intervention, and measurement of explosive strength or jump performance were included.
Results: The reviewed studies reported significant improvements in explosive strength, vertical jump height, and horizontal jump distance, with mean increases of 8% to 15% after 6- to 12-week intervention programs. The greatest effects were found in structured programs conducted two to three times per week.
Discussion: Despite the positive results, common methodological flaws were identified, such as the lack of post-intervention follow-up and insufficient control of external variables.
Conclusions: Plyometric training is an effective way to improve physical performance in adolescents when tailored to their biological maturation level and conducted under professional supervision, with implications for physical education and sports training.
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