Universidad de
Guayaquil
Ingeniería Química y Desarrollo
https://revistas.ug.edu.ec/index.php/iqd
ISSN – p: 1390 –9428 / ISSN – e: 3028-8533 / INQUIDE / Vol. 06 / Nº 01
Facultad de
Ingeniería Química
Ingeniería Química y Desarrollo
Universidad de Guayaquil | Facultad de Ingeniería Química | Telf. +593 4229 2949 | Guayaquil – Ecuador
https://revistas.ug.edu.ec/index.php/iqd
Email: inquide@ug.edu.ec | francisco.duquea@ug.edu.ec
Pag. 32
Integratory project rehabilitation of abandoned buses for the creation
of a theater
Proyecto integrador rehabilitación de buses abandonados para la creación de un
teatro
Richard Manolo Calero Villarreal
1
* ; Jorge Armando Jiménez. Fernández
2
; Jeremy Isaías Herrera Castillo
3
; Gerardo Javier
Segovia Chiliquinga
4
Received: 03/07/2023 – Received in revised form: 03/07/2023 – Accepted: 03/07/2023 –
Published: 19/03/2024
Research
Articles
Review
Articles
Essay
Articles
X
* Author for correspondence.
Abstract
The present investigation idealizes the creation and optimization of a space for a project which will promote environmental sustainability and the heritage
of the institution in order to promote the enrichment of culture and promote the performing arts, with this we can say that creative and innovative projects
fascinate the world of learning and entertainment theater will shape the arts experience on campus as it continually seeks new ways to engage students
beyond the traditional barriers of learning and entertainment. This creation arises from the need to improve the rudimentary skills of the study, learning
and entertainment part, this open-air theater or theater with buses is presented as an artistic expression that takes place in the open sky where presentations
can be performed of free expression, either by students or in conjunction with teachers or other private entities.
Keywords: project, culture enrichment, involve, rudimentary skills, free expression presentations
Resumen
La presente investigación idealiza la creación y optimización de un espacio para un proyecto el cual fomentará la sostenibilidad ambiental y el patrimonio
de la institución para así promover el enriquecimiento de cultura y fomentar las artes escénicas, con esto podemos decir que los proyectos creativos e
innovadores fascinan el mundo del aprendizaje y el entretenimiento el teatro dará forma a la experiencia artística en el campus, ya que busca continuamente
nuevas formas de involucrar a los estudiantes más allá de las barreras tradicionales de aprendizaje y entretenimiento. Esta creación surge de la necesidad
de mejorar las habilidades rudimentarias de la parte del estudio, el aprendizaje y el entretenimiento, este teatro al aire libre o teatro con autobuses se
presenta como una expresión artística que se desarrolla a cielo abierto en donde se podrán ejecutar presentaciones de libre expresión, ya sea por estudiantes
o en conjunto con los maestros u otros entes particulares.
Palabras clave: proyecto, enriquecimiento de cultura, involucrar, habilidades rudimentarias, presentaciones de libre expresión.
1. Introduction.
The contribution of arts and culture at institutional level
is a privilege that allows the development of creative
expressions, strengthening the skills of young people.
This project aims to recover the use of abandoned
vehicles, converting them into functional spaces
dedicated to reading activities, art and culture for the
student community.
1.1. Objetive.
To propose the design of an open-air cultural and artistic
space, reusing abandoned buses as part of the
infrastructure of the Instituto Technologic in the city of
Babahoyo.
1.2. Background.
In Ecuador there are very few theatrical spaces,
according to studies there are a total of 61 theatres of
1
Instituto Superior tecnológico Babahoyo; rcalero@istb.edu.ec ; Babahoyo; Ecuador.
2
Instituto Superior tecnológico Babahoyo; jjimenez@istb.edu.ec ; Babahoyo; Ecuador.
3
Instituto Superior tecnológico Babahoyo; mikeherreracastillo@gmail.com ; Babahoyo; Ecuador.
4
Instituto Superior tecnológico Babahoyo; rectorado@istb.edu.ec ; Babahoyo; Ecuador.
which 25 are in Quito, another 6, 4 in Riobamba, 2 in
Ambato and the rest are spread throughout the country in
its most civilized areas [1]. Similarly, the number of
abandoned buses that exist in Ecuador is notorious and
uncountable, and thanks to these, the percentage of scrap
metal waste in our city and country has had a
considerable environmental impact.
Through studies and questioning, it is clear that the
number of theatres that promote the reduction of
environmental impact through the reuse of abandoned
buses or vehicles in the city of Babahoyo are null, since
there is currently only the well-known artist's square,
which for the current 2023 is practically in disuse, as
indicated (Up to date the first digital newspaper of the
rivers February 18 2022) [2], this square went from
being beautiful and striking to being the square of
Universidad de
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Pag. 33
oblivion. This does not include the presentation of artists
and plays as was the custom in previous years.
By notable precedent, theatre spaces in Babahoyo are
part of a few educational institutions. These allow a small
capacity of people, but none of these spaces have opted
for the need to promote the society to know how to help
reduce the environmental impact.
On the other hand, the objective is to immediately
promote the cultural part in order to promote and
inculcate it in our next generations.
" "To walk through the streets of Babahoyo is to breathe
history in every corner, to remember traditions that
endure through time from generation to generation and
to experience art in its maximum expression" (Babahoyo
city council) [3] he environmental impact forces us to be
aware that we must look for alternatives that help to
reduce the environmental impact, the initiative to
rehabilitate what was considered scrap metal and give it
a twist, thanks to creativity, will allow the work
generated by the environment in the city of Babahoyo to
be recognized.
Under these circumstances we are given to know that the
theatres within the city of Babahoyo are really non-
existent, and the recycling of vehicles dumped as scrap
metal is also non-existent. As far as theatres are
concerned, there are few that we have, and few
institutions that have decided to implement these spaces
that, if we name them, these would be; the technical
university of Babahoyo with its auditorium of arts and
conferences Bolivar Lupera; the educational unit
Emigdio Esparza Moreno with its auditorium, but what
we do have in excess are abandoned vehicles not only in
the canchones if not along the streets of the city and even
more disused buses both inside and outside the
institutions that make up Babahoyo.
In the same way, we can see that in these events we
realize that theatres are scarce in our city and even more
so the implementation of the reuse of buses in order to
reduce the environmental impact, not only in our city but
also at the level of our province.
1.3. Basic meanings.
Theatre is one of the oldest cultural and artistic activities
known to mankind. It is one of the performing arts, that
is to say, those that take place on a stage, and consists of
the recreation of one or more stories of different kinds by
means of actors, speeches, music, and scenery.
Environmental sustainability represents a way of living
in balance with our environment and preventing scarcity
that can put humanity at risk, which makes this issue
necessary for every person, organization and government
on the planet.
It is also the one that focuses on preserving biodiversity
without renouncing economic and social progress. The
bases of environmental sustainability are: taking care of
water, saving energy, reducing waste, using recyclable
packaging, limiting, or eliminating the use of plastics,
using sustainable transport, reusing paper, and taking
care of flora and fauna. [4]
1.4. Procedures.
The creation of the theatre starts with the restoration,
adaptation, and location of the buses to obtain a fully
functional space.
These selected buses will be carefully transformed and
placed in the shape of a letter u, in order to obtain an
endowed space that will include, in one part of it, a stage,
which will be equipped with lighting and sound systems.
At the front, seats for the audience, spaces for the cast
and crew.
The interior of the bus behind the stage will be designed
and modified in such a way that it can be adapted
according to the needs of future performances.
The others will be placed on the sides and transformed as
part of the space for the spectators, implementing the
adaptation of platforms on them to obtain a better
coexistence of the public towards the space and the
presentations.
1.5. In detail.
The team of specialized engineers on site will carry out
the planning and adaptation of the existing structures (the
buses). They will be responsible for the rehabilitation of
the buses into a static theatre. By making modifications
to the exterior to create a striking theatrical façade in
accordance with the environment, taking into account the
orientation of the sun and the direction of the winds, a
stage area will be designed for theatrical and other
performances and an area for the public.
Inside one of the buses the dressing room area, technical
area, lights, and illumination will be conditioned with
this design, it is proposed to consider the space to expand
it in such a way that people who are outside the design
area, can observe the presentations.
The design consists of a platform on which the stage will
be mounted, with ecological roofing and on each bus will
be placed covers in order to create protection from the
rain and sun for the comfort of those who use these
structures.
It is required that this space works not only in the
theatrical concept, but also that it is coupled to the
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Pag. 34
concept that the space can be used beyond a theatre, for
that we plan to create a versatile space in which it is used
to academically promote the provision of project ideas to
the public by the students themselves. So we are also
looking to add a library or reading space in some way to
promote activities that develop the cognitive integrity
and learning of young people.
1.6. Versatility of space.
Versatility" means the ability of a space to adapt to
different functions with the least change to the system,
minimizing complexity or effort. [5]
Space and its appropriate distribution are one of the
biggest complications when it comes to making the most
of and exploiting an area. That is why coherence between
design and function is one of the most important issues
when considering an architectural solution for an
environment. [6]
One of the key advantages of the location of this project
will be its ability to adapt to various situations in this
environment. As this space will not be created to be
limited to its specific use, it can really be approached to
communicate and give access to all kinds of performing
arts. This opens up new possibilities to encourage
creativity, and the theatre can also serve as a platform to
promote emerging and necessary conferences, thus
fostering local information and enriching knowledge.
This space will extend not only the life of knowledge as
our humanity has been doing since the time of our
creation, but also that our culture will persist and be
recreated for more generations, as our ancestors did and
as we continue to do.
1.7. Design and planning.
"Architecture is the art of spending space". (Philip
Johnson.)
"The simple joy of taking an idea into your own hands
and giving it proper form is thrilling". (George Nelson.)
[7] [8]
The simple joy of taking an idea into your own hands and
giving it the appropriate form is exciting. [9]
When planning a project, design and construction should
ideally work as an integrated system. The design and
construction processes are closely related and should be
given equal importance by those in charge of your
project. Generally speaking, design is a process of
creating the conceptualization of a new facility in
detailed drawings and with its own technical
specifications. [10]
We designed this space because we felt the need to
innovate in our socio-recreational spaces. We also opted
to restore the buses and improve the space to achieve a
correct ambience and visualization of everything already
mentioned, as we are not only looking to restore but also
to adapt and condition all the internal space of the buses
based on designs already planned for this space and at the
same time expanding it, in order to optimally improve the
whole project, Additionally, in some parts of this project
we will introduce a space that will improve the practice
and sociability with the student and academic
environment being physical libraries or spaces for
general consultation in terms of academic information or
topics of mass knowledge, thus changing the
rudimentary environment that this institution has.
The professionals in charge of this project consider that,
for a good planning, it is necessary to analyze all the
resources beforehand in order to adapt them to the needs
that we require, as well as to opt for an optimal planning
of the implementation of the anthropometric
measurements in order to distribute all the space
correctly and optimally to achieve the highest possible
capacity of users.
1.8. Infrastructure and services.
Infrastructure is a set of facilities, services and technical
means that support the development of activities. [11]
In order to guarantee the correct functioning of the static
theatre, the necessary adaptations will be made, in terms
of electricity and security system, electrical power
connections were established, and ventilation and
temperature control systems were implemented to ensure
the comfort of the spectators and the cast.
Similarly, the science of anthropometry is used to
achieve the best distribution of spaces according to the
measurements of the average entity, so that in case of
natural disasters such as earthquakes or telluric
movements or other types of accidents, a correct and
rapid evacuation can be achieved.
Likewise, as a safety method, the use of fire
extinguishers in case of fire or short circuits, and already
foreseen signs, posters, and safety guides for evacuation
as well as for the correct use and hygiene.
1.9. Context and challenge.
A campus with limited theatre space (none) and a
shortage of cultural spaces, the group of directors of this
prestigious institution set out to create a solution that
would make the most of the available resources. They
identified a number of disused buses due to age or
decommissioning and opted for the opportunity to
convert them into a static theatre.
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Pag. 35
Likewise, this campus has no notable methods to help
reduce environmental impact through the restoration of
abandoned resources, let alone environmental awareness
systems.
2. Methodology and materials used.
In the following, we will detail the methods that were
effective in this research, as well as the materials used to
create this open-air theatre.
2.1. Methodology.
Methods used in this research work:
2.2. materials, equipment, and basic steps.
• Cleaning and staking out
Unit: Square meter (m2).
Minimum materials. Strips of 4 cm by 5 cm, nails,
pegs.
Minimal equipment, minor tool point.
• Restoration of buses.
Unit: Square meter (m2).
Minimum materials: Enamel paint, anti-corrosive
paint, solvent, steel plates, welding 60.11.
60.11. Minimum point minor tools, electrical, cutter,
grinder, air compressor.
• Platform and metal structures with roofing points
Unit: Square meter (m2).
Minimum materials. Profile g 150 by 15 by 2 mm.
Weld 60 11, anti-corrosive paint, solvent, solvent,
steel plate (1.22 * 2.44 meters) (2.5 mm Sierra
brackets (59.54 kg)
Minimal equipment points minor tool, electric
welding machine and profile cutter
• Supply and installation of galvalume roofing 0.30
Unit. Square meter (m2)
Minimum materials minimum item galvalume sheet
0.30 l = 3.00 mm, ridge 0.30 and self-drilling.
• Electrical installations.
Unit. Linear meter.
Minimum materials. Power flex cable (low voltage
up to 1000 v. Halogen free. Halogen-free,
Reflectors, dimmers, and brackets,
• Basic lighting
Minimum materials: (led lamps comma ceiling
lamps comma wall lamps and ceiling lamps comma
and led strips), basic insulators.
Minimum equipment. Minor tools, voltage
detectors, multimeter, resistance tester, lamp tester,
voltmeter [12].
3. Results.
The whole idea is based on using all possible resources
to create it in the best possible way. The aim is to provide
a whole new activity to the school in order to increase the
cultural heritage of this Asia society.
3.1. Sustainability of this project.
We base the sustainability of this already mentioned
space in the search to satisfy that thirst to improve our
capacities by means of the culture and implementation of
patrimonies Asia the culture not only ours if not to that
of the city of Babahoyo satisfying this way the present
generations and maintaining the future ones, this way at
the same time to guarantee a considerable and notorious
growth in our academic and social environment.
3.2. Environmental sustainability of this project.
We believe in sustaining this space with the need to
preserve the environment and reduce the impact that it
has by the waste of scrap metal and also implement the
knowledge to provide young people to help reduce
pollution through recycling and reuse.
3.3. Heritage.
Truth, like the sun, is no one's exclusive patrimony, but
belongs to everyone and produces light and life for
everyone. “ (Jeronimo Usera) [13]
We are strongly looking for this theatre to become a
considerable and well-known heritage to the academic
culture of our campus, because through it we seek to
infuse all that knowledge necessary for the academic
development and future professionals such as our
THEORETICAL
Analyse the
fundamental concepts
of research.
QUANTITATIVE
Collection and
analysis of the
information obtained.
QUALITATIVE
Evaluation of the data
collected, using a small
sample, to gain a better
understanding.
DOCUMENTARY
Collection of data
through existing
documented sources..
EXPLANATIVE
Study of specific
phenomena, issues
that have not been
addressed in depth.
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Pag. 36
students, as well as to reduce the waste of scrap metal in
the city.
3.4. Rendering of the project.
Figure Nº1: General view of the project which has a
capacity for 100 people for seats and 10 people standing
on the ground floor and 15 people capacity on the upper
floor.
3.5. Satellite location of the project.
Figure nº2: Aerial view of the site delimiting the location
of the project
3.6. Architectural plan of the project.
Figure No 3: Architectural plan of the project, plan view.
Arch space
Space
Description
Area m2
Lounge
100 pers.
150
Front buses
25 pers.
50
Rear bus
25 pers.
50
Circulation
25 pers.
50
Total
175 pers.
300
3.7. Results.
The approval of the project is presented below in the
form of percentages from the survey in 7 tables.
Table 1: Do you consider that theatre contributes to
cultural, personal, and professional development?
VARIABLE
PERCENTAGE
Yes
92,9 %
No
0 %
Maybe
7, 1 %
Total
100%
These data show that the majority of the surveyed
population considers that the theatre will be a
contribution to the development of the community.
For this reason, there is a need for the creation of the
theatre to have a significant impact on the cultural,
personal, and professional development of the people.
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Table 2: How feasible do you consider the idea of having
a theater within the institution?
VARIABLE
PERCENTAGE
Good
19 %
Very Good
38,1 %
Excellent
21,4 %
Necessary
21,4 %
Total
100%
These data reveal that a relative majority, although not
overwhelming, consider it feasible for there to be a
theater within the institution. This finding highlights the
need for the construction of the theater since this space
can be designed for multiple uses, such as conferences,
presentations, events, etc.
Table 3: How do you consider the proposal to implement
a physical library (multidisciplinary) within the cultural
space?
VARIABLE
PERCENTAGE
Convenient
38,1 %
Necessary
38,1 %
Considerable
21,4 %
Not at all good
0 %
Total
100%
These results indicate that a significant proportion of
respondents believe that it is feasible to implement a
physical library within the cultural space as this would
strengthen the educational and cultural offerings,
provide a meeting place for the community, and enrich
the overall experience of the space.
Table 4: How do you consider the importance and idea
of implementing the restoration of buses for the creation
of this space within the campus?
VARIABLE
PERCENTAGE
Excellente
45,2 %
Very Good
31 %
Good
19 %
Bad
0 %
Total
100%
These data show a positive and homogeneous condition
to the availability regarding the restoration of buses for
the creation of a space within the campus since it can
have several advantages and contribute significantly to
the educational institution.
Table 5 Culturally, do you think it is important to
maintain the original design of the buses that are part of
the environmental design of the theater.
VARIABLE
PERCENTAGE
Yes
79,3 %
No
20,7 %
Total
100%
These results highlight a strong perception with a clear
majority recognizing the relevance of maintaining the
original design of the buses that are part of the theater's
environmental design. While the minority does not
consider it necessary.
Table 6: Do you consider that within the institution
there are cultural spaces that promote the reuse of scrap
metal?
VARIABLE
PERCENTAGE
Yes
81 %
No
19 %
Total
100%
These data highlight that the majority of respondents
consider it very important that within the institution
there are cultural spaces that promote the reuse of scrap
metal since maintaining cultural spaces that promote the
reuse of scrap metal not only has environmental
benefits, but also contributes to the creativity,
innovation and cultural identity of the educational
institution. These practices reflect a commitment to
sustainability and can have a positive impact on the
educational community and beyond.
Table 7: Do you think it is a good idea to help reduce
the environmental impact of scrap metal waste?
VARIABLE
PERCENTAGE
Yes
74,47 %
No
25,53%
Total
100%
This data indicates that the majority of respondents
believe it is a good idea to help reduce the
environmental impact of scrap metal waste because
helping to reduce the environmental impact of scrap
metal is a positive idea that contributes to sustainability,
resource conservation and the promotion of responsible
practices. So these actions can have a long-term impact
on the health of the planet and the environmental
awareness of society..
4. Conclusions.
After having identified the benefits of this project as part
of the institute's infrastructure, research was carried out
on analogous models that provide ideas that can be
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Pag. 38
reflected in the design, concluding that the importance of
recycling objects not only means helping to reduce the
environmental impact, but can also give way to the
creation of new elements that promote the development
of academic or social activities.
The prototype design of the buses was presented through
architectural plans, renderings and a model, in order to
show the distribution of spaces, facade design and public
use areas, highlighting the important parts for the
creation of this integrated project such as the library area,
artistic scenarios.
Once the project has been approved and concluded, the
intention is to hold the inauguration event, which will
show the entire student community the facilities designed
for learning and entertainment, through the use of the
library, presentation of plays, dance, music, and all kinds
of events that lead to healthy recreation.
It is also concluded that this project will seek integration
through partnerships with local groups, the art
conservatory and community organizations, promoting
cultural growth, and awareness of recycling and creating
new uses for elements that were destined for scrap.
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