RIAF. International Journal of Physical Activity
"RIAF". International Journal of Physical Activity: A Publication of the Faculty of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation of the University of Guayaquil, Ecuador. An open-access digital journal with double-blind peer review, published every four months, which features original articles that demonstrate scientific rigor, theoretical soundness, and critical analysis. Its thematic scope includes General Physical Activity Sciences, School and Health Physical Education, Sports Training, Therapeutic Physical Activity, Recreation, Sports, Fitness Physical Activity, Applied Sciences to Physical Activity, and Physical Activity for Health. Its target audience consists of university professors, physical education teachers at all educational levels, sports coaches, sports physicians, nutritionists, sports psychologists, physical rehabilitators, therapists, and physical instructors. This journal is indexed in ROAD, Dialnet, LatinRev, Google Scholar and Latindex Directorio
Stigmatization of neurodiversity from the perspective of students in the Bachelor's program in Physical Education, Recreation and Sports
Introduction: Neurodiversity is a process of integration that has gained momentum over the years, where neurodivergent students and/or those with invisible disabilities have received increased support from both the community and political sectors. Over time, laws have been created to support the educational, social, and cultural development of this population. Despite their condition, their cognitive processes develop differently from those of other people, which does not prevent them from carrying out their daily activities. This process leads us to consider that neurodiversity and/or invisible disabilities have existed for years but have not received the attention they deserve from families, education professionals, and society in general. It is essential to highlight the inclusion processes that have emerged over time. In Colombia, there are various governmental policies, such as Law 1618 of 2013, which focuses on the integration of individuals with physical disabilities and intellectual and/or sensory impairments. This law has benefited these populations by increasing their rate of social adaptation, as they receive protection from the Colombian state. Consequently, over time, the integration of people with ADHD, ASD, dyslexia, etc., would become a cultural norm.
Copyright (c) 2025 Autores https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of virtual reality training on joint mobility and muscle strength of upper limbs in healthy older adults
Introduction: Progressive loss of joint mobility in older adults can impair their functionality and autonomy. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an innovative therapeutic alternative to promote active aging through interactive and adaptable environments. Objectives: To analyze the effect of a virtual reality training program using exergames on upper limb joint mobility in healthy older adults. Material and Methods: A pre-experimental, longitudinal, quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 20 older adults aged 65 to 80, from a private gerontological institution in Guayaquil. The intervention lasted four months, with individual sessions twice a week lasting 15 to 20 minutes, using the HTC Vive console and three therapeutic video games. Muscle strength was assessed using the Daniels test and joint mobility was evaluated with the goniometric test, both applied pre- and post-intervention. Results: Following the intervention, 75% of participants reached a “normal” level of muscle strength in both arms. Joint range of motion also showed significant improvements, with most participants achieving “normal” or “good” levels in both limbs. No participants remained in lower categories after the program, indicating a broadly positive response to the intervention. Discussion: The results demonstrate that exergames in a virtual environment can produce substantial improvements in strength and mobility of the upper limbs in healthy older adults. VR is presented as an effective, engaging, and feasible tool for preventive health strategies in geriatric populations. Conclusions: Virtual reality is a viable and effective alternative for enhancing physical functionality in older adults, with strong potential for incorporation into preventive geriatric health programs.
Sports talent and personality traits in elite taekwondo athletes
Introduction: Personality traits can influence various aspects of our lives, including sports. Understanding and appreciating the diversity of personality traits provides us with a deeper insight into human complexity. Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between different personality traits and athletic talent in elite taekwondo athletes. Methodology: A quantitative study with a quasi-experimental observational design and a descriptive-correlational scope was conducted among elite taekwondo athletes participating in sports camps associated with the national Taekwondo organization in the United States (USAT) during the year 2023. Personality traits were evaluated using the Mini International Personality Item Pool (MINI-IPIP) model. Athletic talent, on the other hand, was considered based on the national ranking position in the USAT. Results: After correlation analysis using Pearson's r test, both negative relationships (-0.049, p=0.285; 0.105, p=0.024) and positive relationships (0.044, p=0.346; 0.060, p=0.191; 0.038, p=0.412) were identified in the core variables; however, none of them were statistically significant. It was also observed that the trait most identified in this population was openness to experience. Conclusion: Ultimately, it can be concluded that although no statistically significant relationship was found between the variables of interest, it was possible to identify that extraversion and neuroticism traits were more closely associated with higher athletic talent in these populations, while agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness traits had less influence.
Effectiveness of penalty kicks and goalkeepers' performance in international football tournaments 2022-2024
Introduction: Football goalkeepers require specialized training to enhance their technical responses in various situations and prevent goals. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of penalty kicks in international football tournaments (2022-2024), analyzing technical, psychological, and tactical factors influencing their success or failure to identify patterns and key variables in this decisive play. Methods: Observational study based on FIFA and YouTube data on penalties in the 2022 World Cup, Euro 2024, and Copa América 2024. Contextual, behavioral, and efficiency variables were analyzed. Results: A total of 151 penalties were analyzed: 47 taken during matches and 104 in shootouts. Regarding contextual variables, 35.8% of penalties were taken when the goalkeeper’s team had the lead. For behavioral variables, 60.3% of players opted for a medium trajectory shot. In terms of efficiency, 23.2% of goals were scored in the lower left area of the goal. Conclusions: Penalty effectiveness was influenced by match conditions, with more goals scored when the goalkeeper’s team was trailing. These findings highlight the importance of contextual and tactical analysis in the preparation of goalkeepers and penalty takers.
Personal trainer training for the development of muscle hypertrophy in upper limbs
In the evolution of man according to his origins, his transformations have been present mediated by the interaction with the environment, the descriptive study aims to design a methodological strategy for the training of personal trainers based on the development of muscle hypertrophy in upper limbs in age groups of 22 to 42 years of age who attend the gym of "Paixao-De Oliveira" in the municipality of "Hoji Ya Henda" city of Luanda, capital of Angola. Theoretical and empirical methods were used in the research, as well as techniques and instruments. The proposal was established by the selection of special and auxiliary exercises with the use of circuit training, with the accompaniment of procedures, organizational forms and auxiliary means that enable the formation of cognitive skills in personal trainers. The selection of the sample was determined by a simple non-probabilistic and random sampling represented by 16 personal trainers, highlighting the 98% representativeness in relation to the population. The proposal contemplates particularities from a pedagogical and methodological approach in correspondence with existing theories, valuing its perspective in didactic principles. The assessment of the effectiveness of this proposal was proven by the implementation of the Nominal Group method, which allowed structuring the decision-making process, minimizing biases and promoting a critical analysis of the methodological strategy. In conclusion, it is intended to provide new ways of training in the training of personal trainers in gyms to carry out programmed physical activity.
Muscle Hypertrophy; Personal Trainers; Upper Limbs.
Psychomotricity training in Chile: An analysis from their its regions
The study aims to identify and describe postgraduate and post-graduate programs in psychomotor skills that have been developed in various regions of Chile, with the purpose of analyzing their geographical distribution, the institutions responsible for their implementation, and the theoretical frameworks that have guided them. A qualitative and descriptive approach was used, with a documentary and exploratory design, where official databases, specialized literature, and complementary sources were consulted. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The results show the implementation of 20 psychomotricity programs, including 19 diplomas and 1 master's degree, of which 50% (10) are based on a theoretical approach of instrumental orientation, while the other 50% (10) are oriented towards the relational-experiential approach. Additionally, these programs have been provided by 8 national institutions in five regions of the country: Arica and Parinacota, Antofagasta, Maule, Biobío, and La Araucanía. It is concluded that psychomotricity training in Chile demonstrates strong centralization in Santiago, Metropolitan Region, which has generated a significant gap in access to specialization between the capital city and the regions. While relational-experiential approaches are prioritized in Santiago, the instrumental paradigm predominates in the regions, reflecting both geographical and theoretical inequalities.
I relate of the history of the basketball de Holguín and biographical trajectory de Yamilet Martinez Calderon
Introduction: this type of descriptive qualitative investigation of character is since of importance the informant's story he/she acquires bigger importance for the basketball. Objective: it was to value the history of the basketball in Holguín and to explore the biographical trajectories of Yamilet Martínez Calderon that was the first one in participating in some Olympic Games. Methodology: this nonstandard inquiry (qualitative), of flexible design and multivocal it was carried out with the biographical method starting from histories of life, interviews, revision of documents and triangulation of results with the method comparative constant of the Based Theory of the Data. Results: a biographical document where the main sport results can be appreciated obtained by the investigated figure, as well as valuations of different bound fellows to her during their sport and labor life. Conclusion: it can be defined to this baloncestista that was an example for the personal qualities that it shows during their sport career in all moment; it is necessary to continue carrying out more rigorous investigations historical local to highlight to their main characters.
Effects of high intensity training on cardiovascular health in athletes
La cardiología deportiva ha ganado cada vez más importancia en la salud cardiovascular de los deportistas, y dentro de este campo, el entrenamiento rápido intermitente de alta intensidad (HIIT) ha surgido como una estrategia eficaz para mejorar tanto el rendimiento físico como la capacidad aeróbica. Caracterizado por intervalos de alta intensidad alternados con períodos de recuperación, desafía los límites fisiológicos del organismo, buscando optimizar la capacidad cardiovascular, respiratoria y metabólica. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los efectos del HIIT en la salud cardiovascular de los deportistas, evaluando su impacto en la aptitud física y cardíaca. Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica, centrándose en los estudios que analizan el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 Max), la respuesta del sistema nervioso autónomo, la capacidad de recuperación después del ejercicio y la eficiencia cardíaca. Los resultados muestran que el HIIT mejora significativamente el VO2 Max, la capacidad de recuperación y la eficiencia cardíaca, cruciales para el rendimiento deportivo y la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Sin embargo, también conlleva riesgos como el sobreentrenamiento, la fatiga crónica y las lesiones musculoesqueléticas, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de una supervisión adecuada y un enfoque personalizado. En conclusión, el HIIT ofrece importantes beneficios para la salud cardiovascular y el rendimiento deportivo, siempre que se implemente de forma segura y adaptada a las necesidades individuales de los deportistas. La combinación de supervisión y personalización es esencial para maximizar los beneficios del HIIT y mitigar sus riesgos, lo que lo convierte en una herramienta poderosa en el deporte.
Copyright (c) 2024 RIAF. International Journal of Physical Activity https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Family guidance for the physical-therapeutic rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson's
Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affects the central nervous system and the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter essential for movement. This article highlights the importance of family support for people with Parkinson's and their loved ones. The aim is to guide the family for the rehabilitation of these people. It addresses how to provide emotional support, understand the stages of the disease and adapt to the challenges that arise. The research collects bibliographic information on Parkinson's and its family guidance, using academic databases such as Scielo, PubMed and Elservies. It is concluded that family guidance is essential for the rehabilitation of people with Parkinson's, by providing support, education and compassionate care, strengthening family ties.
Post-covid-19 student coexistence and its impact on university education
COVID-19 has caused profound and lasting changes in the dynamics of coexistence among university students, significantly affecting their mental health and academic performance. This study, focused on the University of Guayaquil, examines how these social and educational disruptions have impacted the academic and personal development of students in the post-pandemic context. The primary objective is to evaluate the impact of these changes in coexistence and social interaction dynamics, emphasizing their influence on students’ mental health, academic performance, and personal growth. A mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods, was employed to enable a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The findings highlight that the pandemic has exacerbated stress and anxiety levels, underscoring the need for psychological programs and promoting resilience as a key factor in overcoming educational challenges. Additionally, the importance of optimizing virtual platforms, fostering support networks within the university community, and managing resources and physical spaces equitably was evident. The study concludes with a call to design personalized strategies and proactive policies that promote a resilient, cohesive, and adaptive educational environment to meet students’ needs in the post-pandemic context, thereby contributing to their emotional well-being and strengthening their academic formation.
Copyright (c) 2025 RIAF. International Journal of Physical Activity https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Physical-therapeutic alternative for dysatrics in patients with West Syndrome.
A consent for different authors exists that they consider that the dysarthria constitutes an enough frequent diagnosis within the patients with neurological alterations of Syndrome of West, which considers a factor that can affect his quality of life itself. Objetive: For what this study presented itself like objective elaborating a physical therapeutic alternative that contribute to the improvement of the dysarthria in patients with Syndrome of West. Materials y Methods: A designing of descriptive research, with a mixed focus as from the utilization combined of empiric methods is assumed for it and mathematical statisticians to obtain information, his processing and assessment. Results: The found results denote the need of bigger telling functionality, maximizing the efficacy and spontaneity of communication. Conclusions: So that the proposal focuses on the aspects socioemotional and improvement of autonomy and these patients' functionality, he must contribute it in the improvement of the functioning of the upset of the language and this population's quality of life, contributing to optimize the sanitary attention.
Hydrokinesitherapy to treat motor sequelae in older adults with strokes.
The present research was determined by a mixed approach; its objective is to design a methodological strategy for physical-therapeutic care in motor sequelae produced by strokes in older adults, it proposes in its structure a distinctive theoretical-methodological guide of procedures and physical-therapeutic means for the implementation of exercises and body postures that are developed with the use of seawater in spas of coastal communities. The methodological work distinguishes an elementary function in prophylactic and therapeutic physical activity, with repercussions on the medical- pedagogical components that are developed in stages of the rehabilitation process. The selection and application of scientific research methods and techniques was in charge of theoretical, empirical and statistical mathematical levels, emphasizing non-participant observation, interviews, as well as processing with descriptive statistics. The methodological strategy is novel in nature considering the use of hydrotherapeutic techniques that make use of the benefits of the marine aquatic environment by relieving the hydrostatic, hydrodynamic and hydrokinetic elements for physical rehabilitation in sequelae produced by strokes in older adults. The functionality of the proposal was established by the expert criterion method, which allowed the evaluations witnessed to be assumed in order to validate their effectiveness. The conclusions of the study were directed through the construction of the methodological strategy for the preparation of Physical Culture professionals in order to use hydrosynetiotherapy for the motor sequelae produced by cerebrovascular accidents in older adults.
Recreational activities to strengthen the workplace climate in the school context.
This study evaluated the impact of recreational activities on the work environment of teachers at the "Replica Aguirre Abad" Fiscal Educational Unit in Ecuador, with the aim of analyzing how a positive environment influences the cohesion and satisfaction of the teaching team. Using a quantitative approach and a descriptive-correlational design, a 30-item questionnaire was applied to 45 teachers. The data, processed with SPSS, revealed high reliability (α = 0.9035) and a significant relationship between a positive work environment and teacher well-being. The results highlighted that a favorable work environment increases satisfaction, cohesion, and interpersonal relationships among teachers. In addition, recreational activities proved essential to reduce stress and foster collaboration in the educational environment. This study supports the implementation of school policies that integrate recreational activities as a strategy to improve the well-being and motivation of teaching staff, providing a basis for future research aimed at optimizing the work environment in Ecuadorian educational institutions.
Building cultural identity through traditional games in the university context.
This study aims to develop local cultural identity in the university context through Extension University activities based on traditional games. The research, using a mixed approach, was based on interviews with specialists, participant observation of game workshops, and analysis of historical documents. A program was designed and implemented that integrated traditional games into Extension University activities, promoting their practice and participant satisfaction. The program was based on the premise that traditional games, in addition to their physical benefits, serve as educational resources that foster knowledge of local culture and its importance for identity. The research results showed that the recreation of traditional games in the university setting significantly contributed to the construction of a stronger and more relevant cultural identity. The research highlights the importance of integrating local culture into university education through practical activities such as traditional games and emphasizes the need to develop intervention strategies that allow for the effective and sustainable implementation of these types of initiatives.
Evaluation of anaerobic power and fatigue index in basketball players from Holguín.
The muscular power (PM) it is excellent in the basketball, when one manifests to different loads. The physical yield is fundamental in the basketball, due to the demands that it implies its preparation and participation in sport competitions. Objective. To evaluate the relationship of the maximum power (Pmax) and the index of fatigue (IF) in baloncestistas during the preparation for the National Tournament of Ascent of the Basketball Cuban masculine sex. Methodology. The test of RAST was used (Runing Anaerobic Sprint Test, of the University of Wolverhampton United Kingdom and Harman, 1995). Results. He/she was carried out an initial evaluation (pret) and another at the end (post) corresponding to six weeks of preparation, with five sessions of training per week, combining training anaeróbico with specific; the results indicated that the two evaluated components showed a percentage of improvement of in maximum power (Pmax), 9,5% in minimum power (Pmin), 15,2% in the index of fatigue (IF%) it was of 60%. he/she was carried out an analysis of stockings with the test " Wilcoxon " the results they indicated existence of difference statistically significant (p <0,05) among the stockings pret and post in the two evaluated parameters, Pmax (690 vs. 703,3), Pmin (697,2 vs. 806,2), and IF (18,5 vs. 13,5). Conclusion. There is relationship between the PM and the IF in the basketball, it is necessary to continue carrying out a more rigorous preparation toward the component anaerobic.
Strategies for the inclusion of students with disabilities in Physical Education: a systematic review
During the last year, methodological strategies have been investigated to incorporate students with physical disabilities in Physical Education classes. It is essential that teachers are familiar with these strategies and apply them. The results indicate significant improvements in student participation and performance, contributing to creating an inclusive and motivating environment. The study was based on basic, theoretical and bibliographic research without experiments, with a descriptive design. 170 records were analyzed, excluding duplicates and articles according to their year of publication, and 15 relevant studies were selected. The databases used included Scielo, Dialnet and Scopus, using search terms related to inclusion in Physical Education. Various methodological strategies for the inclusion of students with physical disabilities in physical education have had a significant positive impact on participation and performance. Adaptations in curriculum and activities, together with approaches such as Universal Design for Learning, have facilitated greater integration and active participation, while reducing exclusion. Research has shown that detailed and personalized methodological strategies in Physical Education have a significant impact on the participation and performance of students with physical disabilities. The adaptation of activities and teaching methods reduces barriers and exclusion, optimizing integration and participation in classes.
Assessment of explosive force in the performance of high school students
The main objective of this article is to evaluate explosive force in sports training and to analyze the performance of high school students in the "Santa Catalina Labouré" Fiscal Educational Unit. To fulfill this purpose, it uses a descriptive methodology, 20 students were selected with an intentional sampling by criterion from a total population of 110, following specific inclusion criteria such as ages between 16-17 years, male and female, students of first, second and third Unified General Baccalaureate (BGU). The results reveal that, in the group of male students, the distance varied between 52.4 cm and 62.1 cm, both above average. For female students, distances ranged from 42.6 cm to 53.5 cm. Most students have exceeded the average of 54.1 cm in the vertical jump, which suggests good physical condition in general.
Relationship between lower body power and relative power in basketball players from Holguín
One of the indicators of basketball players' physical condition is power. Jump height is a good predictor of muscular power, and therefore, various types of vertical jumps have been employed as standardized tests of athletic performance. Objective. This research aims to describe and understand the power developed during the Squat Jump (SJ) among male basketball players from the Holguín team as they prepared to participate in the Superior League. Methods. To carry out the assessment, methods such as observation during training sessions and competitive matchups were used. Given the quantitative nature of the research, a pre-experimental design was chosen, with a non-probabilistic sample of 21 basketball players. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were applied, using median and standard deviation as measures of central tendency, processed through SPSS 0.22. The tools used included the contact mat for the Bosco test, which provided values such as the maximum absolute power of the best SJ jump and relative maximum power. Results. It was found that forwards and centers were the positions that generated the greatest power during the jump test, unlike players in the guard position. This led to new strategies for improving explosive strength in the lower limbs. Conclusions. The research on the SJ in basketball proved strategic for the planning of training loads according to playing positions in basketball. It undoubtedly contributes to deepening our understanding of power preparation in vertical jumps, aiming for improved athletic performance.
Influence of football on the development of coordination skills in children aged 8 to 10 years
Sports initiation represents the first step in the path of learning and discovery, playing a fundamental role in the physical and emotional development of children through sports. Between the ages of 8 and 10, progress in coordinative abilities is essential for their growth and vital for their performance in various physical and cognitive activities. These abilities are based on the efficient regulation of the nervous system and the precise execution of coordinated body movements. In this study, the individual performance of each child was evaluated through a survey of six variables, identifying specific areas for improvement, such as motor coordination, passing accuracy, ball handling, and ball detection, among other aspects. These findings provide opportunities to personalize training and enhance each child’s skills in an individualized manner, contributing to a more comprehensive development in the sports field.
Inclusive strategies through recreational games for students with motor disabilities
The research focused on the development of a recreational activity program aimed at promoting academic inclusion at the "República de Cuba" Basic Education School, particularly addressing the exclusion of students during physical education classes. The findings of the study emphasize the importance of physical activity as an essential component for inclusion, implementing a descriptive approach that integrates observation guides for teachers and parents to systematically and objectively assess student progress. The findings confirmed the need for a Recreational Physical Activity Program, detailing its activities and benefits. This program provides a practical solution to the exclusion problem, emphasizing the importance of inclusion through recreational play and adapted physical activities. It was found that these activities not only improve physical condition but also foster social integration and emotional well-being for students, including those with motor disabilities. The implementation of this program represents a step forward toward a more inclusive and neutral physical education, highlighting its crucial role in the holistic development of students.
The Power of Play: Fostering Psychomotor Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an issue that affects many children worldwide. Currently, it is recognized that ASD not only impacts this group but can also persist into adulthood. This work focuses on the use of playful techniques to promote psychomotor development in children aged 4-5 years diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with the main goal of improving their overall development. The methodology employed involved a descriptive field study, supported by a detailed literature review to justify the proposal. Surveys were conducted with teachers, interviews with the institution's director, and specific observations of children diagnosed with this disorder. The findings showed a positive attitude from the teachers towards the playful strategy and highlighted progress in the social integration and psychomotor development of the children, including involving their parents in the process. The conclusions indicate the feasibility and importance of implementing a playful strategy that fosters the motor aspect in the study subjects, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary approaches to maximize the development of children with ASD.
Effects of an exercise system on improving paddling technique in young kayakers
This research addresses the impact of an exercise system on the improvement of the stroke in canoeists of the Ecuadorian Canoeing Federation. The objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the exercise system for the improvement of the stroke technique in athletes of the junior and senior categories. The research is of experimental modality, with a pre-experimental design of quantitative approach, with a single group (N = 12) of population. The exercise system has a three-stage structure consisting of: planning, implementation, control and evaluation of the exercises; which is based on the measurement methods with the application of the static execution test, stroke technique and the 50-meter speed test in the canoe. The results were corroborated with the application of the hypothesis tests of the Wilcoxon signed ranks and the T student test, which by the levels of significance demonstrated the favorable differences between the two measurements (pretest and posttest).
Bioethical foundations for rehabilitation in patients with hip fracture.
Hip fractures are a cause of disability and morbidity in the elderly population, is defined as the loss of the continuity solution of the bone tissue of the regions of the head, femoral neck, and region intertrochanteric. They are classified as intracapsular and extracapsular. It is important to distinguish them by the impact on the irrigation of the femoral head. The clinical presentation includes groin pain and inability to bear weight on the affected limb, pain may radiate to the distal femur. Physical examination may include observe shortening and external rotation of the affected limb. The present research reveals the role of health professionals in compliance with the principles of the medical ethics in the daily actions of the Rehabilitation specialty in patients with hip fracture.
The teaching of Judo shoulder techniques in children's athletes from Guayas
Shoulder techniques in judo are the most commonly applied by athletes, regardless of age, gender, category, and weight. These techniques are of great importance in Go Kyu (the beginner level), and from the beginning of training, they are techniques that are learned, refined, and perfected throughout an athlete's career. Their preparation must be methodologically guided. Therefore, a set of physical and technical exercises was proposed to achieve better performance of Kata waza (shoulder techniques) in athletes from the children's category of the Guayas Sports Federation through its provincial Judo Association. The objective was to develop an appropriate methodology, using technical and physical exercises, for the teaching, development, and training of shoulder techniques, applying a research work where quantitative experimental methods are used and refined through the statistical analysis of primary and bibliographic data. The research is descriptive and experimental, using a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach to identify the characteristic problems of shoulder techniques. The population consisted of 24 athletes, 14 at the Juan Carlos Faidutti Dojo and 10 at the Huancavilca Sports Complex Dojo. The sampling was intentional, aiming to control the progress of the 14 athletes. Ultimately, there was a significant impact on sports performance, physical and technical abilities, as represented by the first tests. There was also improvement in mood and social aspects, as the athletes felt motivated to work on each training session with the basic principle of improving both individually and collectively, feeling stronger, faster, and more resistant to stimuli with each sports session.
Physical Culture for the Integral Education of University Students: A Critical Constructivist Approach
The objective of this study is to thoroughly examine how physical culture influences the overall development of university students while employing a critical constructivist approach to challenge conventional educational frameworks. To address this question, a quantitative study with a descriptive-correlational approach was conducted, involving a sample of 1,000 students enrolled at the University of Guayaquil. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that physical culture has a significantly positive influence on the overall development of undergraduate university students. This statement is supported by observed improvements in participants across physical, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions. From a physical standpoint, there is notable progress in the health and fitness of students who actively engage in activities related to physical culture. Cognitively, students who integrate physical culture into their daily routines show advancements in concentration and academic performance. In terms of emotional well-being, participation in physical culture activities is associated with greater overall satisfaction among students, suggesting that physical activity benefits emotional health. It is important to highlight that students who participate in physical culture activities experience much lower stress levels compared to those who do not. Physical culture can serve as a tool for stress management, which, in turn, helps achieve a better balance between academic demands and emotional pressures. The findings of this study underscore the importance of incorporating physical culture into the university environment from a critical constructivist perspective. This approach not only enhances the overall education of students but also strengthens their physical and emotional well-being while promoting critical reflection on the interactions between physical activity and student life as a whole.
Methodology for historical research in sport
The methodical conception regarding historical research in sports remains absent in the current models utilized by researchers. Diverse opinions on how to draft the final report of events, facts, pastimes, outcomes, narratives, discoveries, among others, have sparked considerable debate. However, a concrete or appropriate model or methodology to guide historians in organizing their ideas has yet to be developed. Each historian, based on their experience, applies investigative methods and techniques from a social and historical perspective to construct their written arguments. In this context, it is evident that educational, didactic, social, historical, and political models, among others, still fall short of the desired outcomes for this type of research. This study contributes methodological aspects that enable the development of historical research in the field of sports, utilizing periods and stages, bibliographic materials (both digital and printed), as well as the study of sports icons and personalities. These elements allow for the systematization and organization of key milestones in this pastime, which deserve to be studied in depth.
Bioethical Foundations for Rehabilitation in Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 (SCA2) is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by cerebellar atrophy associated with early hyporeflexia, slow saccadic movements, severe postural tremor, peripheral neuropathy, and other multisystemic features. This research reveals the role of Cuban healthcare professionals in adhering to the principles of medical ethics in their daily practice within the rehabilitation specialty for patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2.
Copyright (c) 2024 RIAF. International Journal of Physical Activity} https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Methodological alternative for the historical-sports training of pioneer taekwondo players
This work arises from the need to provide a response to the theoretical-methodological limitations faced by coaches in directing the historical-sporting training process of young taekwondo athletes, an aspect of significant importance in the comprehensive preparation of taekwondo practitioners during their initial training. A pre-experiment was implemented and evaluated in the training context of young taekwondo athletes, showing through the comparison between the pre-test and post-test that significant changes occur in the historical-sporting training of these athletes, demonstrating the effectiveness of the implemented approach.
Initial training of pioneering taekwondo players
Exercises to improve the technical fundamentals of passing and archery in football
This research was conducted at the Cantonal League of Durán with the objective of designing a program of specific exercises to improve the technical fundamentals of passing and shooting in soccer. The aim is to help soccer players enhance their technical skills, become more effective in passing and shooting techniques, and achieve their maximum athletic performance in professional soccer. The methodology employed in this study is field-based, descriptive in nature, and utilizes a mixed-methods approach. To develop this research, various techniques and instruments were used for the collection of essential information, such as interviews with the head of the Cantonal League and an observation guide directed at two coaches focusing on the training process of the under-15 soccer category of the Cantonal League of Durán. This guide was also applied to the 16 soccer players for their respective evaluation of the technical fundamentals of passing and shooting in soccer. The results revealed difficulties in the use of methodological strategies, a low level of instruction among coaches, and shortcomings in the players' passing and shooting techniques. Consequently, the study proposes the design of a program of specific exercises aimed at improving the technical fundamentals of passing and shooting in soccer. This program seeks to enhance the technical performance and overall athletic outcomes of the soccer players.
Motivation, anxiety, depression and stress in university athletes in times of health restrictions caused by the covid 19 pandemic
During the pandemic, a series of adaptive processes took place for the global population. Specifically, this research aims to investigate the psychological variables of motivation, anxiety, stress, and depression in university athletes returning to in-person activities in July 2022, both academic and athletic, while still facing health restrictions due to COVID-19. Since 2020, when the pandemic began in Chile, no in-person activities have been held in any university centers. In this context, there is a need to understand the state of the aforementioned variables in university athletes, as the new adaptive process of returning to in-person activities, combined with the inability to pursue national competitive goals, presents a problem to be addressed. The objective of the study is to assess the variables of motivation, anxiety, stress, and depression in active university athletes during their return to in-person academic and athletic activities, despite ongoing restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology used is quantitative, with an exploratory cross-sectional design. The results presented in this study show a relationship between motivation and depression (<.001) and anxiety (<.001), but not with stress (<.079), using a p-value <.05. This was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. It is concluded that, although the relationship is low (Spearman's rho for anxiety <.339, depression <.289, and stress <.152), the study shows a high degree of self-determination in motivation (mean = 5.76), and how it has a favorable relationship with the other variables in the study. These variables indicate a stable mental state in the population studied during their return to university academic and athletic activities.
EL ACONDICIONAMIENTO FÍSICO, LA SALUD Y ESTILO DE VIDA