Biodiversidad asociada a la zona intermareal rocosa y arenosa de la playa El Pelado, Ecuador.

Resumen

Los ecosistemas costeros se caracterizan por la presencia de la zona intermareal, cuyos factores ambientales son dinámicos y dependen de los periodos de alta y baja marea. En la presente investigación se analizó la biodiversidad de las zonas intermareales rocosa y arenosa de la playa El Pelado, Ecuador. Se realizaron muestreos en tres transectos para cada tipo de sustrato, midiendo parámetros fisicoquímicos y registrando la abundancia de organismos. En el sustrato arenoso, se encontró una limitada diversidad de especies que incluyó dos isópodos, una estrella de mar, un bivalvo, un gasterópodo y un anélido. Además, se registró un promedio de temperatura de 26.9 °C en la línea de marea baja mientras que a los 30 m de distancia la temperatura promedio fue de 35.6 °C. En el sustrato rocoso se evidenció mayor biodiversidad, especialmente en las piscinas de marea, donde se registraron variaciones de temperatura entre 26.8° C y 31.2° C, y salinidad en un rango desde 32.0 hasta 33.2 PSU. Se identificaron diferentes zonas de distribución de organismos: zona intermareal baja dominada por algas de los géneros (Ulva, Ceramium), zona media con predominancia de Balanus, y zona alta con abundancia de percebes y mejillones. Las interacciones ecológicas fueron más evidentes en el sustrato rocoso, destacando la relación epibiótica entre mejillones y percebes. Los resultados demuestran que las diferencias en las características físicas de ambos sustratos determinan la composición y estructura de las comunidades bentónicas, siendo el sustrato rocoso el que presenta mayor diversidad.

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