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SUMMARY
This study is based on evaluating the effectiveness of these procedures, total thyroidectomy vs radical thyroidectomy with functional lymphadenectomy in thyroid cancer, their relationship with the recurrence of patients after three years of performing them.
Retrospective study of patients admitted to the National Oncology Institute Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo (SOLCA Hospital in the city of Guayaquil) from January 2006 to December 2008 with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer, who have completed follow-up at 6.12 ,24 or 36 months. It is vital for scientific research to compare two treatments, in this case surgical procedures to draw relevant conclusions to improve patient management and avoid the number of complications.
Patient data were collected from the clinical history, including age, sex, ultrasound report, pathological diagnosis (follicular, papillary, undifferentiated, medullary carcinoma), laboratory data (thyroid hormones, thyroglobulin), stage according to TNM classification, surgical procedure used (total or radical thyroidectomy with functional lymphadenectomy), use of radioactive iodine, postoperative complications (recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypoparathyroidism), follow-up (months) and presence or absence of recurrence in each of these. After collecting the patients, after selection by inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were separated into two groups for analysis: Group A underwent total thyroidectomy, and Group B underwent radical thyroidectomy with functional lymphadenectomy.
Key words: total thyroidectomy, radical thyroidectomy.
INTRODUCCIÓN
El cáncer de tiroides constituye la neoplasia endocrinológica más frecuente, con 10 casos anuales por 100.000 habitantes (Estados Unidos), siendo el carcinoma papilar el tipo histológico más prevalente y el que comúnmente es identificado en estadíos iniciales con buen pronóstico. (1,2,3)
Los factores de riesgo para desarrollo de cáncer a partir de un nódulo tiroideo incluyen historia de radiación en cabeza y cuello, edad menor a 20 o mayor de 45 años, bilateral, nódulo mayor de 4 cm, masa en crecimiento, género masculino, historia familiar, parálisis de cuerdas vocales, nódulo fijado a estructuras cercanas, extensión extratiroidea, afección ganglionar, déficit de iodo (carcinoma folicular). (3)
Fuente: Elaboración propia
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