EASI: Engineering and Applied Sciences in Industry
type: channel
description: EASI: Engineering and Applied Sciences in Industry provides an international multidisciplinary forum for researchers and professionals from academia, industry, and government to discuss challenges related to flexibility and interoperability in industry, as well as the relationship between industry and society. Published since July 2022, it is released biannually in January and July. We stand out for maintaining a focus on areas of work related to interoperability and Industry 4.0, such as supply chain management, industrial automation, cybersecurity in industrial networks, cyber-physical systems, and Education 4.0 in engineering, among others, which together offer authors a range of possibilities for disseminating their research results. EASI is published in two versions: print (ISSN: 3073-1526) and electronic (e-ISSN: 2953-6634), in English and identified with a Digital Object Identifier System (DOI: 10.53591). EASI is indexed in Latindex, catálogo 2.0, Amelica, LivRe, Periódica, Google Académico, Miar , Dialnet and Road.
publisher: Universidad de Guayaquil
language: en
publication name: EASI: Engineering and Applied Sciences in Industry
issn: 3073-1526
copyright: Contributions published in the EASI journal follow the open access license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0). This license empowers you as an author and ensures wide dissemination of your research while still protecting your rights. For authors: Authors retain copyrights without restrictions according to CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. The journal obtains a license to publish the first original manuscript. For readers/users: Free access and distribution: Anyone can access, download, copy, print, and share the published article freely according to the license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 terms. Attribution required: If any third party use the published material, they must give credit to the creator by providing the name, article title, and journal name, ensuring the intellectual property of the author(s), and helping to build the scholarly reputation. Non-commercial use: only noncommercial use of the published work is permitted. Noncommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation by any third party. No modifications allowed: The content of the published article cannot be changed, remixed, or rebuilt upon the author’s work. This ensures the integrity and accuracy of the research findings.
items: EASI: Volume 4, Issue 2. [Special issue]
items: Development of a Jetson Nano drone for monitoring and detection of forest fires
items: The Role of Consumers in Container Recycling in the Purified Water Industry
items: Simulation as a tool for production optimization, in the case of plastic pipe manufacturing
items: The Analysis of scientific papers related to intelligent forklifts
items: Application of transformer nets for discrimination of liquid cleaning products
items: Energy forecast of Ecuador's Tertiary Sector to 2040 Using the LEAP Model
items: EASI: Volume 4, Issue 1.
items: Mechanical performance of mortars reinforced with steel fibers
items: Estudio de caso sobre el impacto de las herramientas digitales en una empresa chocolatera
items: Characterization of the Production of Fuels Obtained from the Pyrolysis of Polystyrene
items: Drag and Lift Forces in Blunt and Aerodynamic Bodies
items: Web Platform for Georeferenced Telemonitoring: A Case Study on Elderly Healthcare
items: Automated water flow reallocation using level sensors and a control system for equitable distribution in rural neighborhoods of Juan Montalvo parish, Latacunga
items: Strategies to promote the adoption of digital payment platforms in microenterprises in the northern sector of Guayaquil
items: Experimental video in Physics: a complement to hybrid teaching
items: Flexibilization of Annual Operational Planning in Crisis Contexts: A Conceptual Model Proposal for Ecuadorian SMEs
items: Remote Monitoring and Control System for Solar Drying Based on ATMega 2560 and LoRa Technology
items: Comparison of the performance of the pyrolysis processes of PET, LDPE and PS, in a prototype batch process reactor
items: Design and implementation of a mechatronic system for monitoring worker exposure in cold storage facilities
items: Kinetic Study of Supercritical Water Gasification of cellulose from Biomass
items: Stereotypes and education level: An influence on the selection of engineering studies and techno-scientific education
items: Tobacco consuming in engineering careers: causes and effects
items: Statistical analysis of vehicle accidents in the city of Ibarra over the period 2017-2022
items: Socioeconomic impact of dairy farming in indigenous communities of Ecuador
items: Literature review of waste management strategies in industry
items: Influence of the model view controller (MVC) pattern on the security, interoperability and usability of a computer-system’s life cycle.
items: Industry 4.0: An innovative manufacturing process on a Digital Twin Application
items: Biogas: A Sustainable Energy Source for a Greener Future
items: SARS-CoV-2 multivariable representation in South American countries by using dynamic Biplot and ARIMA modeling infections and lethality

EASI: Volume 4, Issue 2. [Special issue]
type: item
description: The study and application of AI, together with simulation and prospective models, enable us to tackle new industrial and environmental challenges. Functional prototypes therefore improve efficiency, sustainability, and decision-making in various sectors through innovative, data-driven technological solutions. Explore articles that inspire simulation and in-depth analysis of new technologies. Immerse yourself in this new work presented by EASI.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Franklin Samaniego-Riera
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Franklin Samaniego-Riera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
doi: 10.53591/t11qqk22

Development of a Jetson Nano drone for monitoring and detection of forest fires
type: item
description: This project presents the development of an artificial intelligence-based prototype for the monitoring and detection of forest fires. The prototype consists of a drone equipped with a high-resolution camera connected to a Jetson Nano. The system was programmed in Python to develop Convolutional Neural Network models for identifying fire indicators, such as smoke and flames, from the images captured by the drone. Unlike traditional methods that rely on fixed or satellite sensors or cameras, this mobile approach enables flexible surveillance of large forest areas, even in hard-to-reach terrain. During testing, an accuracy rate of 95% to 99% was achieved, demonstrating the system’s capability to process large volumes of visual data in real time. The maximum video transmission range is approximately 3.7 km without interference. Smoke and fire detections were transmitted to the ThingSpeak platform allowing visualization and analysis to facilitate fast and effective decision-making. It is concluded that the prototype aims to enhance response capabilities by enabling early fire and minimizing environmental and economic damage.
subject: Special Issue
  topic: section
creator: Neiser Ortiz-Mosquera
creator: Meillyn Delgado-Vera
creator: Rolando Espinoza-Álvarez
creator: Ximena Trujillo-Borja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Neiser Ortiz-Mosquera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-05
publication date: 2025-11-05
starting page: 41
ending page: 47
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i2.2674

The Role of Consumers in Container Recycling in the Purified Water Industry
type: item
description: The sustainable management of plastic packaging in the purified water industry represents a significant environmental challenge, especially in Ecuador, where recycling infrastructure is insufficient and environmental education is limited. This study aims to analyze the behavior of millennial consumers in Guayaquil regarding plastic packaging recycling, identifying barriers and opportunities to strengthen their participation in the process. A mixed methodology was used, combining a review of scientific literature with structured surveys targeting millennials between 18 and 55 years of age to analyze their habits and perceptions regarding plastic packaging recycling. Survey results reveal that 65% of respondents regularly consume water in plastic containers, while 40% identify the lack of infrastructure as a significant barrier to recycling, and 60% are unaware of proper recycling practices. These findings underscore the need to develop comprehensive strategies that foster environmental education, optimize recycling infrastructure, and promote effective economic incentives, strengthen the circular economy and ensure the adoption of long-term sustainable practices in the purified water industry.
subject: Special Issue
  topic: section
subject: Circular Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Plastics Recycling
  topic: keywords
subject: Millennials and Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Engineering for sustainable process management
  topic: disciplines
creator: Leonardo Banguera
creator: Javier Alexi Jiménez Peralta
creator: Cinthia Gabriela García García
creator: Ángel Paulino Arcos Coba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Leonardo Banguera, Javier Jiménez-Peralta, Cinthia García-García, Ángel Arcos-Coba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 18
ending page: 24
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i2.2620

Simulation as a tool for production optimization, in the case of plastic pipe manufacturing
type: item
description: Simulation is a method that allows creating a scenario like the real one to predict specific events. The objectives was determine how simulation has become an essential tool to optimize production and estimate its decisive contribution to industrial development. Methodology quantitative, descriptive study, use of indirect observation in a plastic pipe processing plant, grinding area, extrusion-injection. The results obtained expressed that, the application of the Arena software facilitated the development of the simulation of the production process, whose positive impact on the decision to increase the number of mills from 3 to 4, eliminated the existing bottleneck, increasing the installed capacity in the next five years in 22%. It was concluded that, the simulation has become an essential tool in manufacturing organizations, which must be integrated into all areas of the production process, to guarantee successful decision-making in terms of supply, design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and after-sales service.
subject: Special Issue
  topic: section
subject: simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: production
  topic: keywords
subject: plastic pipes
  topic: keywords
creator: Byron José Loor Alcivar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-6836
creator: Ronny Pedro Carriel Sevillano
creator: Betsy Mabel Olvera Moran
creator: Sonia Melissa Rodríguez Merchán
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Byron Loor Alcívar, Ronny P. Carriel Sevillano, Betsy M. Olvera Moran, Sonia Rodríguez Merchán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 25
ending page: 33
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i2.2619

The Analysis of scientific papers related to intelligent forklifts
type: item
description: This document shows an analysis of documents related to intelligent forklifts, which seeks to identify the advances in the field and recognize the existing knowledge gap in the area to support the future design of a forklift that, based on artificial intelligence algorithms, can operate with certain autonomy and be called an intelligent forklift. The PRISMA 2020 guide is used for the search, selection, evaluation and summary of findings of the papers. We start with the search in the Scopus database, defining inclusion criteria to limit the study. The documents are characterized, then an analysis of their bibliographic networks is made using Wosviewer, after which their summaries are studied with Voyant, to succinctly present the main findings. It is concluded that it is important to promote collaborative work among authors, organizations and countries, to complement the advances in forklifts, their routing and movement planning using artificial intelligence tools, such as convolutional or transformer type networks.
subject: Special Issue
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Documental analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Documents,
  topic: keywords
subject: Intelligent forklifts
  topic: keywords
subject: Inventories
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: disciplines
creator: Anny Astrid Espitia Cubillos
creator: Robinson Jiménez-Moreno
creator: Esperanza Rodríguez-Carmona
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anny Espitia-Cubillos, Robinson Jiménez-Moreno, Esperanza Rodríguez-Carmona https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 9
ending page: 17
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i2/2602

Application of transformer nets for discrimination of liquid cleaning products
type: item
description: This paper presents an artificial intelligence algorithm based on transformer neural networks that allows the discrimination of liquid products identified with different labels and with presentations in various colors, from a camera, to facilitate the management of their subsequent handling by a computer, which allows us to realize, in manufacturing environments, the connection between the physical and the digital world. The process begins with the digitalization of the products to establish a database. Next, the parameters of the network training are defined, which are then evaluated by measuring the learning time, accuracy, and classification time, all of which are developed in a virtual environment. Thanks to the results, it is possible to conclude that even with a small amount of data, including label images that are not complete or of the best quality, the processing times do not exceed 0.5 seconds. A recognition rate of 100% accuracy is achieved, corresponding to the absence of confusion between the considered categories, given the robustness of the selected transformer network.
subject: Special Issue
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Discrimination of products
  topic: keywords
subject: Labeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Transformer neural networks
  topic: keywords
creator: Anny Astrid Espitia Cubillos
creator: Robinson Jiménez-Moreno
creator: Esperanza Rodríguez-Carmona
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anny Astrid Espitia Cubillos, Robinson Jiménez-Moreno, Esperanza Rodríguez-Carmona https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 34
ending page: 40
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i2.2600

Energy forecast of Ecuador's Tertiary Sector to 2040 Using the LEAP Model
type: item
description: This study forecasts energy consumption in Ecuador’s tertiary sector through 2040 using a prospective energy model developed with LEAP software. It relies on official data and variables such as employment figures and household consumption. Three scenarios are analyzed: Business as Usual (BAU), High (HIGH), and Low (LOW) consumption. Results show an 87% increase in energy use between 2020 and 2040, rising from 5 million to 10 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE). Under the BAU scenario, consumption is projected at 10 million BOE; 6 million in the LOW scenario; and 13 million in the HIGH scenario. Out of 11 activities analyzed, 84% of energy use is concentrated in three key areas: Information and Communication, Commerce, and Accommodation and Food Services. The sector also displays a strong reliance on electricity, which represents 76% of its total energy consumption. Transportation services were excluded from the analysis, as they are considered a separate sector due to their high energy demand. The findings highlight the urgency of implementing sustainable strategies to manage energy use, especially in high-consumption activities. This information provides a valuable foundation for decision-makers and stakeholders in designing energy policies focused on efficiency and reducing environmental impacts in Ecuador’s tertiary sector.
subject: Special Issue
  topic: section
subject: Energy consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: LEAP model
  topic: keywords
subject: Tertiary sector
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yoiler Steeven Tigua Villaprado
creator: Joao Segundo Cadena Barrera
creator: Pedro Castro-Verdezoto
creator: Daniel Ortega-Pacheco
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yoiler Tigua Villaprado, Joao Cadena-Barrera, Pedro Castro-Verdezoto, Daniel Ortega-Pacheco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i2.2596

EASI: Volume 4, Issue 1.
type: item
description: In a constantly evolving world, digital tools are transforming the way we teach, learn and think. In these pages, readers can explore innovations, trends and reflections on the future in the digital era. Discover inspiring articles, insightful analysis, and practical experiences for educators, students, and technology enthusiasts. Immerse yourself in the fascinating dialogue presented by EASI.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Franklin Samaniego Riera
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Franklin Samaniego Riera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21

Mechanical performance of mortars reinforced with steel fibers
type: item
description: This article focuses on the evaluation of the resistance of mortars to indirect tension and compression, simple and reinforced, with different percentages of steel fiber. The aim is to find resistant and economical solutions to reinforce informal housing, through the use of plaster that improves the general characteristics of a masonry. Masonry constructed in an informal or artisanal manner has a high degree of structural vulnerability. First, the indirect tensile strength and displacements supported by simple and reinforced mortars are compared, where it is observed that reinforced mortars offer greater strength and deformation capacity as a function of the percentage of fiber. Then, the compressive strength is compared, where the reinforced mortars also show adequate results. In terms of economics, the reinforced mortar presents disadvantages due to the cost of the fibers; in the percentages studied in this article (10, 15, 20 and 25%), the use of reinforced mortars for informal housing is not so attractive; it is recommended to develop similar investigations with different percentages of fiber.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Reinforced mortar
  topic: keywords
subject: steel fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: strength-deformation curve
  topic: keywords
subject: compression test
  topic: keywords
subject: informal housing
  topic: keywords
creator: Matias Renato Castro Castillo
creator: Jaime Xavier Nieto-Cardenas
creator: Paul Illescas-Cardenas
creator: Pilar Roxana Naspud Uruchima
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Matías Renato Castro Castillo, Jaime Xavier Nieto-Cárdenas, Paúl Illescas-Cárdenas, Pilar Roxana Naspud Uruchima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 42
ending page: 51
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i1.2410

Estudio de caso sobre el impacto de las herramientas digitales en una empresa chocolatera
type: item
description: This study analyzes the impact of digital tools on production processes in a chocolate industry company in Ecuador, within the broader context of Industry 4.0. Through a qualitative and descriptive approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten employees working in production and administration. The objective was to explore the perceived benefits, challenges, and operational changes associated with the integration of digital technologies. The research followed a non-experimental, inductive design, and used Atlas.ti for thematic coding and qualitative analysis. The results reveal that digital tools have significantly transformed core areas such as production, distribution, and marketing. The most used technologies include management software, machinery sensors, CRM systems, and social media platforms. Participants highlighted improvements in efficiency, error reduction, and resource optimization, as well as challenges related to staff training and technological adaptation. This study contributes empirical evidence on how digitalization unfolds in small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging economies. It also offers insights into the design of inclusive innovation strategies and context-specific policies to support digital transformation, particularly in the food sector.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital tools
  topic: keywords
subject: digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: production
  topic: keywords
subject: industry
  topic: keywords
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ricardo Vega Granda
creator: David Cabezas García
creator: Fabian Rosales Pintado
creator: Jannette Granda Martínez
creator: Azucena Ortega Pindo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo Vega Granda, David Cabezas García, Fabian Rosales Pintado, Jannette Granda Martínez, Azucena Ortega Pindo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 23
ending page: 30
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i1.2062

Characterization of the Production of Fuels Obtained from the Pyrolysis of Polystyrene
type: item
description: This study addresses the specific characterization of fuels obtained through the pyrolysis of polystyrene after being analyzed in laboratories and a study of their applicability. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of materials by heating them at high temperatures without the presence of oxygen to decompose them into simpler fractions. The research focused on evaluating viscosity, flash point, density and ASTM distillation and then comparing the results with commercial fuel standards. The results show that pyrolysis-derived fuels have characteristics intermediate between diesel and gasoline, with a density similar to diesel, but a viscosity and flash point closer to gasoline. Distillation reveals a mixture of volatile and non-volatile components, suggesting that these fuels could be alternatives, although further testing to evaluate their performance and safety in specific applications is needed to validate the feasibility and safety of polystyrene pyrolysis by-products as alternative fuels.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Polystyrene
  topic: keywords
subject: Pyrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Fuels
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemical Recycling
  topic: keywords
subject: Plastics
  topic: keywords
subject: Project management
  topic: disciplines
creator: Diego Navarro
creator: Silvana Angulo
creator: Pedro Castro
creator: Dany Salazar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Navarro, Silvana Angulo, Pedro Castro, Dany Salazar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 57
ending page: 69
doi: 10.53591/easi.v3i2.1867

Drag and Lift Forces in Blunt and Aerodynamic Bodies
type: item
description: The objective of this study is to analyze the drag and lift forces acting on blunt and streamlined bodies. To achieve this, experiments were conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel using objects of varying geometries, including a small smooth sphere, a large smooth sphere, a rough sphere, a flat disk, and a streamlined body — specifically, a NACA airfoil profile. Airflow within the tunnel was generated using a variable-speed fan, operated at different rotation speeds. Data collection was performed with the aid of specialized software, recording fifty measurements for each case, including drag force, kinematic viscosity, temperature, and airflow velocity. The results were used to construct plots of the drag coefficient versus Reynolds number for the blunt bodies, and the lift coefficient versus Reynolds number for the NACA airfoil, enabling a comparative analysis of aerodynamic behavior across different geometries.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: DRAG FORCE
  topic: keywords
subject: BLUNT BODIES
  topic: keywords
subject: AERODYNAMICS BODIES
  topic: keywords
creator: Milton Flores Zhamungui
creator: Eduardo Baidal Bustamante
creator: Richard Varas Flores
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 MILTON FLORES, Eduardo Baidal Bustamante, RICHARD VARAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 31
ending page: 41
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i1.1961

Web Platform for Georeferenced Telemonitoring: A Case Study on Elderly Healthcare
type: item
description: The monitoring and management of biomedical variables remain critical areas of focus within the scientific and technological fields. The increasing prevalence of cardiac conditions and the risks associated with geographic disorientation among the elderly population highlight a pressing challenge. This study presents a web-based platform designed to receive real-time biomedical data for assessing patient health status. To achieve this, the variables were simulated to define the necessary data structure. All data generated through an Android-based device were transmitted over a cellular network and stored in a preconfigured Cloud database, enabling the creation of a consultable historical record for future use. The platform was subsequently evaluated by 50 users, who shared their insights and rated aspects such as usability, interface design, and functionality through a detailed survey.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Cardio
  topic: keywords
subject: Georeferenced Telemonitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Web Platform
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet of things
  topic: disciplines
creator: Orlando Barboza
creator: Andres Florez
creator: Cesar Viloria-Nuñez
creator: Diego Gomez-Ceron
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Orlando Barboza, Andres Florez, Cesar Viloria-Nuñez, Diego Gomez-Ceron https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-02-12
publication date: 2025-02-12
starting page: 30
ending page: 38
doi: 10.53591/easi.v3i2.1924

Automated water flow reallocation using level sensors and a control system for equitable distribution in rural neighborhoods of Juan Montalvo parish, Latacunga
type: item
description: This paper analyzes and presents a proposal to automate the distribution of drinking water to four rural neighborhoods in Juan Montalvo Parish, Latacunga, aiming to optimize its allocation. For many years, the scarcity of water and the absence of a system for its efficient distribution has posed persistent challenges for households in rural areas of Ecuador. To address this issue, a water flow control proposal was developed, considering both the continuous availability of the resource, regardless of the season, and the population size of each neighborhood in Juan Montalvo. The proposed solution involves implementing a PID control system to regulate the proportional opening and closing of control valves. The valve opening percentages were designed based on the number of inhabitants in each neighborhood, ensuring an equitable distribution of water resources across the communities. Automating the drinking water distribution process represents a significant advancement in water resource management. This proposal minimizes waste by ensuring precise control of outflows to each neighborhood, contributing to the sustainable use of water resources.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Control
  topic: keywords
subject: controlvalve
  topic: keywords
subject: flow
  topic: keywords
subject: level transmitter
  topic: keywords
subject: parshal flume
  topic: keywords
subject: Cloud computing and data mining
  topic: disciplines
subject: Industrial control systems
  topic: disciplines
creator: Tania De La Cruz
creator: J. Figueroa Olmedo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 T. De La Cruz Tapia, J. Figueroa Olmedo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 11
ending page: 22
doi: 10.53591/easi.v3i2.1918

Strategies to promote the adoption of digital payment platforms in microenterprises in the northern sector of Guayaquil
type: item
description: This article aims to identify strategies to expand the adoption of digital payment platforms in microenterprises in northern Guayaquil, highlighting their importance in business modernization and economic growth within e-commerce. The exploratory-descriptive and propositional research analyzed barriers such as the preference for cash, lack of knowledge, and economic and technological limitations. Through a survey of 278 microentrepreneurs, it was found that only 34.4% use digital platforms, mainly Payphone and Kushki. The benefits of adoption include greater security, increased sales, and better financial organization. Strategies such as educational campaigns, financial incentives, technological improvements, and generating trust are proposed. The research concludes that collaboration between the public, private, and academic sectors is essential to facilitate the digital transition and enhance business competitiveness in Guayaquil.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital payment platforms
  topic: keywords
subject: Microenterprises
  topic: keywords
subject: E-commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusive digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Estrategies
  topic: keywords
subject: E-commerce
  topic: disciplines
subject: Sustainable entrepreneurship
  topic: disciplines
creator: Raquel Vera
creator: Linda Yong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Raquel Vera, Linda Yong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 39
ending page: 46
doi: 10.53591/easi.v3i2.1914

Experimental video in Physics: a complement to hybrid teaching
type: item
description: The quarantine closed schools in response to the rapid spread of COVID-19, posing among the risks to high school education, the increase in the educational gap. We present research on how school closures in 2020 influenced student performance when using videos for teaching physics based on the curriculum. Data from 69 fourth-semester students who performed various exercises with mathematical problems were analyzed and it was found that student performance did not increase significantly during school closures in 2020. However, the analysis also suggests a reduction in the achievement gap between low- and high-performing students
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Physics
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramón F. Estrada
creator: César Mora
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ramón F. Estrada, César Mora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 11
ending page: 22
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i1.1911

Flexibilization of Annual Operational Planning in Crisis Contexts: A Conceptual Model Proposal for Ecuadorian SMEs
type: item
description: The Annual Operational Planning (POA) is a key tool for organizational management; however, its rigidity limits its effectiveness in crisis contexts characterized by high uncertainty. This article analyzes strategies to make POA more flexible and to strengthen the adaptive capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ecuador. Through a systematic literature review and the analysis of best practices, six key strategies are identified: dynamic strategic diagnosis, prioritization of critical objectives, scenario-based planning, adaptive key performance indicators (KPIs), resource optimization, and adaptive organizational culture. As a result, a conceptual model is proposed, integrating these strategies in a structured and progressive way, tailored to the operational realities of SMEs in the country. Although the proposal is based on theoretical evidence, the absence of empirical validation is recognized as a limitation; therefore, pilot applications in different productive sectors are recommended. The model aims to serve as a practical tool to guide operational planning in complex and volatile environments.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: AnnAnnual Operational Planning,
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptive strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Business crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: SMEs in Ecuador
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational flexibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Control and monitoring
  topic: keywords
creator: Victoria Vera
creator: Raquel Vera-Ortega
creator: Gloria Vanegas Zabala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Victoria Vera, Raquel Vera-Ortega, Gloria Vanegas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.53591/easi.v4i1.1905

Remote Monitoring and Control System for Solar Drying Based on ATMega 2560 and LoRa Technology
type: item
description: Sun drying is an effective technique for food preservation, although it presents significant challenges in optimizing and controlling its variables. This paper describes the development of a remote control, data acquisition and monitoring module designed to optimize solar drying processes. The system uses a customized electronic board based on the ATMega 2560 microcontroller, which integrates LoRa technology for remote data storage and monitoring. The development of the module was structured in three main phases. The first step was a proof-of-concept operation with an Arduino Mega development board, which tested the control and central control concepts. Secondly, after identifying the need for increased durability and stability, a custom table was designed using CAD software and Bakelite copper to improve the durability and reliability of the system. Finally, in the third step, the final version of the tabletop, adapted to the drying conditions of the sun, was printed and assembled. The developed module can be adapted to operate on different types and scales of solar dryers, and, being built with low-cost devices, it is an affordable solution for the control and monitoring of this type of process. This solution has potential to improve the efficiency of drying processes for various contexts.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Control and monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Process optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Solar drying
  topic: keywords
subject: LoRa
  topic: keywords
subject: ATMega 2560
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable systems for engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Néstor Ortiz-Rodríguez
creator: Jesús Águila León
creator: Miriam Lucero-Tenorio
creator: Jesús F. Villaseñor Correa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Néstor Ortiz-Rodríguez, Jesús Águila-León, Miriam Lucero-Tenorio, Jesús F. Villaseñor-Correa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-02-12
publication date: 2025-02-12
starting page: 23
ending page: 29
doi: 10.53591/easi.v3i2.1901

Comparison of the performance of the pyrolysis processes of PET, LDPE and PS, in a prototype batch process reactor
type: item
description: In this study, the critical factors of the pyrolysis process of plastics to obtain liquid hydrocarbons derived from petroleum were determined. The evaluation of these factors consisted of tests at specific temperatures of 350, 395 and 400 °C using different types of plastics, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The tests were carried out in a batch reactor with an average reaction time of 10 minutes. It was found that PS, processed at 395 °C for 8 minutes, produced the highest number of liquid hydrocarbons, with an average yield of 91% by weight compared to the liquid products. In contrast, PET generated less than 30% product, while LDPE achieved a yield of 84%. The determining factors were the average temperature, the thermal insulation of the reactor and the selection of the type of plastic. Other factors, such as pressure and reaction rate, also proved to have a relevant impact on the process results.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Pyrolysis of plastics
  topic: keywords
subject: liquid hydrocarbons
  topic: keywords
subject: reactor
  topic: keywords
subject: plastics
  topic: keywords
subject: critical factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable energy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jorge Torres
creator: Milton Vinces
creator: Pedro Castro
creator: Jaime Arias
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Torres, Milton Vinces, Pedro Castro, Jaime Arias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 47
ending page: 56
doi: 10.53591/easi.v3i2.1866

Design and implementation of a mechatronic system for monitoring worker exposure in cold storage facilities
type: item
description: In response to the increasing need for enhanced occupational safety in cold storage facilities, this study presents the design and validation of a mechatronic time control device specifically developed for monitoring the exposure times of warehouse operators in a multinational company. Over the past two decades, Ecuador has significantly increased regulations to safeguard worker health and safety. In compliance with these regulations, this research addresses the challenges operators face when exposed to sub-zero temperatures during their work shifts. The proposed system integrates mechanical, electronic, and control components to systematically track and manage operators' time within cold rooms, ensuring compliance with predefined safety thresholds. A NodeMCU microcontroller, digital temperature sensors, and a robust communication interface form the device's core. This device records entry and exit times, monitors ambient conditions, and triggers alerts when exposure limits are approached. Extensive validation was conducted using a 3D-printed resin prototype, demonstrating the device's capability to function effectively in harsh environments. The system's efficacy was evaluated through real-world testing, where operators used the prototype during their shifts. Data collected confirmed the device's reliability in tracking exposure times and enhancing worker safety.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Mechatronic System
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Cold Storage Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Time Control Device
  topic: keywords
subject: Human factors and ergonomics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Software architecture and design
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marcelo Fajardo-Pruna
creator: Luis Lopez-Estrada
creator: Jhon Barbery
creator: Guillermo Medina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Marcelo Fajardo-Pruna, Luis Lopez-Estrada, Jhon Barbery, Guillermo Medina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-08-01
publication date: 2024-08-01
starting page: 40
ending page: 51
doi: 10.53591/easi.v3i1.0302

Kinetic Study of Supercritical Water Gasification of cellulose from Biomass
type: item
description: This work carried out the supercritical gasification of cellulose in water (SCWG). The products obtained from the reaction were measured and their kinetic parameters were determined. The SCWG of cellulose was carried out in a supercritical PFR reactor evaluating three reaction temperatures: 372 °C, 374 °C, 376 °C for a reaction time of 15 min. The reaction products were analyzed by gravimetry, liquid chromatography HPLC and gas chromatography. The kinetic parameters of the SCWG reaction were then determined. This reaction produces hydrogen, with high energy potential, and lactic acid, a high-value product. The results show that, by raising the temperature of cellulose from subcritical to supercritical, the production of both compounds increases, reaching its highest concentration at a temperature of 376 °C and pressure of 3300 psi. To determine the kinetic parameters, integrated equations were used, revealing that the SCWG reaction follows first-order kinetics under the analyzed operating conditions. and its kinetic constants for each temperature are: k1=0.01386 〖min〗^(-1), k2= 0.01538 〖min〗^(-1) and k3=0.01529 〖min〗^(-1). This study advances the understanding of supercritical gasification as an alternative to convert waste into valuable products.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomass
  topic: keywords
subject: Cellulose
  topic: keywords
subject: SCWG
  topic: keywords
subject: Kinetic
  topic: keywords
subject: Reaction Order
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable energy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sebastian Chico
creator: Michelle Romero
creator: Diego V. Chulde Ch.
creator: Ricardo A. Narváez C.
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sebastián Chico, Michelle Romero, Diego Chulde, Ricardo A. Narváez C. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.53591/easi.v3i2.1051

Stereotypes and education level: An influence on the selection of engineering studies and techno-scientific education
type: item
description: This work addresses the possible causes why students do not opt for an engineering career or techno-scientific education, facts evidenced through obtaining a sample of the engineering faculties at the Universidad Técnica del Norte, the possible causes of this statistic were revealed. The surveys were successfully carried out with the collaboration of the authorities and the students. The analysis of results reveals that gender stereotypes are still present in society, affecting students when selecting a career. The history of engineering goes back to the great ancient civilizations, but the participation of women in engineering is partially recent. It is necessary to recall that engineering branches and techno-scientific education were reserved for men for a long time, since education in general was far from the reach of women.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Stereotypes
  topic: keywords
subject: Engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Techno
  topic: keywords
subject: Scientific
  topic: keywords
subject: Human factors and ergonomics
  topic: disciplines
subject: New trends in industry 4.0
  topic: disciplines
creator: Camila Mejía
creator: Milton Pabón
creator: Jayro Pupiales
creator: Katheryne Chiluisa
creator: Fernando Ramírez Paredes
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Camila Mejía, Milton Pabón, Jayro Pupiales, Katheryne Chiluisa, Fernando Ramírez Paredes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-29
publication date: 2023-07-29
starting page: 67
ending page: 73
doi: 10.53591/easi.v2i1.2046

Tobacco consuming in engineering careers: causes and effects
type: item
description: The aim of the current study is to identify the causes and consequences of tobacco smoking social problems in the lives of students in the first years of engineering at a public university. A total of 107 students were selected and non-probabilistic sampling tests were carried out. An analysis was carried out based on the responses collected from an anonymous survey, which revealed the causes and effects of tobacco use in students to reach a general conclusion with the results obtained, how harmful it is to mental and physical health.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Smoking
  topic: keywords
subject: Causes
  topic: keywords
subject: Consequences
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical
  topic: keywords
subject: Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Human factors and ergonomics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Victor Pule
creator: Andrés Villarreal Bolaños
creator: Anderson Valverde Toapanta
creator: Silvia Arciniega Hidrobo
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Victor Pule, Andrés Villarreal Bolaños, Anderson Valverde Toapanta, Silvia Arciniega Hidrobo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-29
publication date: 2023-07-29
starting page: 56
ending page: 66
doi: 10.53591/easi.v2i1.2044

Statistical analysis of vehicle accidents in the city of Ibarra over the period 2017-2022
type: item
description: A relevant fact in the city of Imbabura is the result of traffic accidents. In some of these events people are reported injured and in extreme cases deceased. This situation should be minimized in order to avoid consequences. In pedestrians, drivers and the community in general. Considering the above, it is important to identify the causes of traffic accidents in the city, by performing a detailed analysis of the factors that influence the occurrence of these events. For this purpose, the analysis of statistical data obtained in the period 2017-2022 by the state entities, for traffic accidents considering the main data carried out at the time the accidents happen, is exposed. The qualitative method was chosen to obtain conclusions from heterogeneous and unstructured data that are not detailed numerically. Based on the information collected, human factors were identified as key elements, specifically alcohol consumption, speeding and disrespect for traffic regulations. With respect to the areas of the city with the highest number of accidents, it was determined that they correspond to the areas surrounding the Amazonas Market and the Stadium; while the highest incidence of accidents occurs on weekends.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Vehicle accident
  topic: keywords
subject: Human factor
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecuador
  topic: keywords
subject: E-commerce
  topic: disciplines
creator: Carlos Santana
creator: Anthony Maldonado
creator: Fabio Cabascango
creator: Bryan Guerrero
creator: Gabriel Quelal
creator: Brizeida Gamez
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Carlos Santana , Anthony Maldonado, Fabio Cabascango, Bryan Guerrero, Gabriel Quelal, Brizeida Gamez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-29
publication date: 2023-07-29
starting page: 44
ending page: 55
doi: 10.53591/easi.v2i1.2045

Socioeconomic impact of dairy farming in indigenous communities of Ecuador
type: item
description: The economic system of agricultural production in Ecuador is an integrated activity into the productive chains and markets in indigenous communities. Its comprehensive analysis allows characterizing and zoning production in these populations. The intervention area was Colta, a canton in the Chimborazo province. The data was obtained through direct interviews with dairy producers and processors, through random sampling by productive areas, covering two urban and four rural parishes (Cajabamba, Sicalpa, Columbe, Cañí, Juan de Velasco and Santiago de Quito). Milk production is considered the most profitable activity, despite the low price that the producer receives. Currently, 81% of farmers receive less than 0.40 USD/L of milk, which covers production costs and contributes to a sustainable circular economy for the area. The production depends on a low technology level family system. Most of the production is destined for small marketing channels such as artisan cheese shops and sales to wholesalers. In conclusion, despite the limited technological development in the region, there are opportunities for improvement both in industry and in the social of vulnerable populations.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Socio-economic Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Dairy farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural development
  topic: keywords
subject: indigenous communities
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable project management
  topic: disciplines
creator: Gabriela Andrade
creator: María Andrade
creator: Andrés Suárez-Usbek
creator: Hugo Bautista-Espinoza
creator: Andres Haro-Haro
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Gabriela Andrade, María Andrade, Andrés Suárez-Usbek, Hugo Bautista-Espinoza, Andres Haro-Haro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-29
publication date: 2023-07-29
starting page: 34
ending page: 43
doi: 10.53591/easi.v2i1.1907

Literature review of waste management strategies in industry
type: item
description: Waste management strategies to provide sustainable solutions in industry processes to accomplish current regulations are crucial in industrial engineering. The general objective of this study was to summarize waste management practices in industrial plants by applying a systematic mapping of literature in citation databases (Redalyc, Scopus, and Web of Science). First, a scoping review led the process to determine current waste management practices in industrial plants. The analysis of hazardous waste management practices includes minimization, recycling, and reuse. The general approach is focused on the facilities to promote safe waste storage, transport, and final disposal.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: waste
  topic: keywords
subject: management
  topic: keywords
subject: circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental
  topic: keywords
subject: Optimization of production systems
  topic: disciplines
creator: Anderson Suquisupa Villacis
creator: Milena Morales Núñez
creator: Aldo Parrales León
creator: Marianela Morante-Galarza
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anderson Suquisupa Villacis, Milena Morales Núñez, Aldo Parrales León, Marianela Morante-Galarza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-29
publication date: 2023-07-29
starting page: 17
ending page: 33
doi: 10.53591/easi.v2i1.2188

Influence of the model view controller (MVC) pattern on the security, interoperability and usability of a computer-system’s life cycle.
type: item
description: Applying a design pattern during software development is a common strategy among programmers. In the broad classification of design patterns created to date, there are architectural patterns, one of the most widely used being the Model-View-Controller pattern, also known as MVC. The wide adoption of this pattern has made it necessary to evaluate its impact on security, interoperability and usability throughout the life cycle of a computer system. Through a literature review and research on specialized software development websites, this study reveals that the MVC pattern has a positive influence on these aspects. Furthermore, it was found that the use of this architectural design pattern is considered indispensable and widely popular by the community of experienced developers.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Pattern
  topic: keywords
subject: Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Interoperability
  topic: keywords
subject: Usability
  topic: keywords
subject: Security engineering services
  topic: disciplines
subject: Software architecture and design
  topic: disciplines
creator: Franklin Enríquez
creator: Santiago Fierro
creator: Brandon Flores
creator: Daisy Imbaquingo Esparza
creator: Jaime Michelena
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Franklin Enríquez, Santiago Fierro , Brandon Flores, Daisy Imbaquingo Esparza, Jaime Michelena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-29
publication date: 2023-07-29
starting page: 11
ending page: 16
doi: 10.53591/easi.v2i1.2043

Industry 4.0: An innovative manufacturing process on a Digital Twin Application
type: item
description: The fourth industrial revolution requires the process equipment to work together through the strategy of cyber-physical systems. This project aims to contribute to this revolution by presenting a tool and methodology for creating cyber-physical systems. A V-model was used for the design process, in which the digital twin of a 3PRS+XY+C machine tool was developed. It started by defining the requirements, the basis for creating the logical-functional structure. This structure was the guide for completing the behavioural models of each element, the cascade control, and the 3D design of the machine. The simulation was carried out with the digital twin ready to verify the correct operation. A position and speed test were performed with step start and a second order signal showing proper control and compliance with the setpoint. The tests performed show that the strategy used allowed the realisation of the digital twin that conforms to the cyber-physical system of the machine. Also, due to the design mode, the model is highly flexible, and its modular structure facilitates the changes. It is the right time to apply this strategy in the Ecuadorian industry and thus reduce the technological gap and increase international competitiveness.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Industry 4.0
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Micro-Manufacturing
  topic: keywords
subject: Single Edge Micro-Cutting
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyber-physical systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyber ​​physical systems
  topic: disciplines
creator: Marcelo Fajardo-Pruna
creator: Luis Lopez-Estrada
creator: Daniela Sanchez-Orosco
creator: Christian Tutiven
creator: Giovanny Pillajo-Quijia
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Marcelo Fajardo-Pruna, Luis Lopez-Estrada, Daniela Sanchez-Orosco, Christian Tutiven, Giovanny Pillajo-Quijia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-07-29
publication date: 2023-07-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.53591/easi.v2i1.2176

Biogas: A Sustainable Energy Source for a Greener Future
type: item
subject: Letters / reports
  topic: section
subject: Renowable energy industry
  topic: disciplines
subject: Sustainable entrepreneurship
  topic: disciplines
creator: Luis Carlos Morocho Rosero
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Carlos Morocho Rosero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-26
publication date: 2023-12-26
starting page: 6
ending page: 10
doi: 10.53591/easi.v2i2.2563

SARS-CoV-2 multivariable representation in South American countries by using dynamic Biplot and ARIMA modeling infections and lethality
type: item
description: The coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has generated a global health crisis. On March 11, 2020, this disease was classified as a pandemic, the most affected regions were Latin America and the Caribbean, due to various factors such as population density, and incapacity in health systems, among others. In this study, a general analysis of the data on infections and deaths from ten South American countries will be carried out, to identify which country has best managed the pandemic according to its contagion and lethality results. A prediction was made for the number of infections and deaths caused by Covid-19, using data reported to the WHO (World Health Organization). The ARIMA model and the dynamic Biplot method were used for this study to represent the analysis. It was found that Peru has a high case fatality rate compared to the countries analyzed, and Peru has a higher number of deaths from the disease.
subject: Research articles
  topic: section
subject: Coronavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: ARIMA
  topic: keywords
subject: Biplot
  topic: keywords
subject: Operations research
  topic: disciplines
subject: Cognitive computing
  topic: disciplines
creator: Luis Pilacuan
creator: Beatriz Salmon
creator: Diana Gallegos
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Luis Pilacuan-Bonete, Beatriz Salmon-Cedeño, Diana Gallegos-Zurita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-12-29
publication date: 2022-12-29
starting page: 46
ending page: 52
doi: 10.53591/easi.v1i2.1857